Service Adaptability Assessment and Coordinated Planning and Operation of PV-Rich Low-Voltage Active Distribution Network Clusters

Abstract

High rooftop photovoltaic (PV) penetration causes reverse-power-flow stress, voltage rise, and PV curtailment to vary across low-voltage transformer service areas. Fixed-location flexibility cannot respond effectively when these stresses migrate over time. This paper develops a coordinated planning and operation framework for PV-rich low-voltage active distribution network clusters. The framework combines service-adaptability assessment with mobile shared energy storage (MSES). First, an effective mobility service index (MSIeff) is constructed from the location and magnitude of reverse-power-flow exceedances in the no-storage condition. It identifies scenarios in which cross-area resource reallocation provides additional value. Second, stationary storage and MSES are optimized within a common power-energy candidate domain. The MSES model represents travel-induced unavailability, traction energy consumption, connection preparation, interface limits, state-of-charge dynamics, and daily closure. Across 30 parameterized PV-load scenarios, MSES reduces PV curtailment in 16 scenarios and lowers equivalent annual cost in 15 scenarios. It achieves both benefits in 13 scenarios. MSIeff is strongly correlated with the realized reduction in PV curtailment, with Pearson and Spearman coefficients of 0.867 and 0.870. In a representative high-adaptability scenario, both schemes select 200 kW/800 kWh. MSES reduces PV curtailment by 14.54%, increases PV accommodation by 2.02 percentage points, and lowers equivalent annual cost by 2.04%.