AUTHOR=Ali Sajjad , Shah Ashfaq Ahmad , Ghimire Amogh , Tariq Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman 

TITLE=Investigation the nexus between CO2 emissions, agricultural land, crop, and livestock production in Pakistan

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Environmental Science

VOLUME=Volume 10 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1014660

DOI=10.3389/fenvs.2022.1014660

ISSN=2296-665X

ABSTRACT=The ongoing adverse effects of climate change produced by carbon dioxide emissions have sparked global advocacy to face its negative consequences with the utmost vigor. The sources of CO2 emissions by particular nations must be understood in order to comprehend the procedures necessary to reduce emissions globally. This study is a contribution to empirics of the carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), gross domestic product (GDP), crop production index (CPI), livestock production index (LPI), population (POP), agricultural land (AL), land under cereal crop (LCC) and agriculture value-added (AVA). This study considered annual data from 1961 to 2014 for the country of Pakistan. We performed an Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to investigate the long-run and short-run association among all research variables. To check the stationarity of the study variables, we also employed Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (P.P.) tests. The outcomes of the long-run estimates indicate that the coefficients AL and LCC have a positive and significant relationship with carbon dioxide emissions, while the coefficient of CPI has a negative and significant relationship with carbon dioxide emissions, respectively. The outcomes from short-run estimates show that the coefficient of CPI and LPI are both positive and statistically significant, which implies that these variables are crucial in boosting carbon emissions. The error correction model (ECM) value is also negative and statistically significant, indicating the deviation of carbon dioxide emissions to other variables from short-run to long-run equilibrium. There is evidence of both unidirectional and bidirectional causation between the research variables, according to the Pairwise Granger causality test. Based on the outcomes of the research, the government must carefully consider its regulations on agricultural and livestock production and embrace ecologically friendly techniques in the agriculture sector, which may minimize carbon emissions over time.