AUTHOR=Han Feng , Farooq Muhammad Umar , Nadeem Muhammad , Noor Malaika 

TITLE=RETRACTED: Public Spending, Green Finance, and Zero Carbon for Sustainable Development: A Case of Top 10 Emitting Countries

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Environmental Science

VOLUME=Volume 10 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.834195

DOI=10.3389/fenvs.2022.834195

ISSN=2296-665X

ABSTRACT=In general, public expenditure on schooling, science, and reseach & development (R&D) is thought to have a positive effect on the development and sustainability of an economy; but, such evidence is lacking in the developing and developed, especially in top 10 CO2 emitting  countries. The ordinary least square method (OLS) and data envelopment analysis is used to measure the association among public expenditure on R&D and green economic development, which uses panel data from selected countries from 2008 to 2018. Results revelas  a fluctuating green economic growth index, which was due to the non-serious existence of government policies. More precisely, a 1% increase in GDP growth increases the carbon emissions about 0.40%, whereas the rises in coal consumption decreases environmental efficiency about 0.88%. We also concluded that 0.95% GDP growth and economic development enhances significantly to environmental emissions, whereas 0.5% renewable energy consumption decreases the negative impact of environmental pollution. Furthermore, a 1% growth in renewable energy consumption improving environmental efficiency by 0.58%. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that public expenditure on human capital and renewable energy (R&D) leads to a productive green economy through labor, and technically advance developmental practices, with varying consequences in distincitive countries.