AUTHOR=Guan Changchun , Qamruzzaman Md 

TITLE=A symmetric and asymmetric nexus between environmental sustainability and tourism development in BRIC nations: What is the role of good governance and globalization?

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Environmental Science

VOLUME=Volume 10 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.973420

DOI=10.3389/fenvs.2022.973420

ISSN=2296-665X

ABSTRACT=The motivation of the study is to gauge the impact of environmental quality, good governance and Globalization on tourism development in BRIC nations for the period 1990-2021. The study has implemented both linear and nonlinear frameworks for evaluating the elasticity of explanatory variables on tourism, and the directional causality test has been tested by employing the non-granger causality test.  Combined cointegration test statistics show a long-run association between EQ, GG, GLO and tourism development in BRIC nations.  Furthermore, the long-run association in the empirical estimation is established in both linear and nonlinear framework assessments. Refers to linear assessment, the study documented the positive and statistically significant linkage between good governance and Globalization, implying that political stability, governmental effectiveness and accountability has revealed boosting factor for tourism development. Moreover, global economic and financial integration opens a window for tourism development by inducing the economy's international tourism. On the other hand, environmental degradation, which is the carbon emission in the economy, adversely affects tourism development, indicating that the healthy and amicable ambiance positively triggers tourism development in the long run.  According to the test statistics of the standard Wald test, it is obvious that there is an asymmetric association between explanatory variables that as EQ, GG and GLO and tourism development in the long-run and short-run assessment. The directional causality test documented bidirectional causality in explaining the causality between environmental quality and tourism development [EQTOR] in Brazil, India and China, good governance and tourism development [GGTOR] in India, and globalization and tourism development [GLOTOR] in China.