AUTHOR=Lin Wenbo , Li Tingting , Li Xiao 

TITLE=Deep learning-based object detection for environmental monitoring using big data

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Environmental Science

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1566224

DOI=10.3389/fenvs.2025.1566224

ISSN=2296-665X

ABSTRACT=IntroductionRecent advances in artificial intelligence have transformed the way we analyze complex environmental data. However, high-dimensionality, spatiotemporal variability, and heterogeneous data sources continue to pose major challenges.MethodsIn this work, we introduce the Environmental Graph-Aware Neural Network (EGAN), a novel framework designed to model and analyze large-scale, multi-modal environmental datasets. EGAN constructs a spatiotemporal graph representation that integrates physical proximity, ecological similarity, and temporal dynamics, and applies graph convolutional encoders to learn expressive spatial features. These are fused with temporal representations using attention mechanisms, enabling the model to dynamically capture relevant patterns across modalities. The framework is further enhanced by domain-informed learning strategies that incorporate physics-based constraints, meta-learning for regional adaptation, and uncertainty-aware predictions.ResultsExtensive experiments on four benchmark datasets demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance in environmental object detection, segmentation, and scene understanding.DiscussionEGAN is shown to be a robust and interpretable tool for real-world environmental monitoring applications.