AUTHOR=Zhang Yan , Fu Longhui , Feng Fang , Liu Bo , Lei Ying , Kang Qianyan TITLE=Mendelian randomization study shows no causal relationship between psychiatric disorders and glaucoma in European and East Asian populations JOURNAL=Frontiers in Genetics VOLUME=Volume 15 - 2024 YEAR=2024 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2024.1349860 DOI=10.3389/fgene.2024.1349860 ISSN=1664-8021 ABSTRACT=Background: Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness strongly associated with psychiatric disorders, but the causal association between glaucoma and psychiatric disorders remains uncertain because of the susceptibility of observational studies to confounding and reverse causation. This study aims to explore the potential causal association between glaucoma and three highly related psychiatric disorders (Depression, Insomnia, and Schizophrenia) in the European and East Asian populations using a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Methods: Instrumental variables (IVs) of depression, insomnia, and schizophrenia in the European population were obtained after strict filtering. Summary-level data for glaucoma and glaucoma subtypes (primary open-angle glaucoma and primary closed-angle glaucoma) were obtained as outcomes. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was used as the primary method. Additionally, the causal effect was evaluated in the East Asian population using the same methods to validate analysis results. The robustness of these results was confirmed using heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and Steiger directionality test. Results: The primary MR results indicated that genetically driven psychiatric disorders were not causally associated with glaucoma (Depression: odds ratio (