AUTHOR=Griffith Madeline , Challa Sneha , Jegede Ayobambo , Idiodi Ivan , Okoli Chioma , Tijani Aminat , Dimowo Shakede , Nmadu Awawu Grace , Omoluabi Elizabeth , Liu Jenny 

TITLE=Setbacks in the road to self-injection: a descriptive study of provider and mystery client reports on the DMPA-SC care-seeking experience in Nigeria

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Global Women's Health

VOLUME=Volume 6 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/global-womens-health/articles/10.3389/fgwh.2025.1552379

DOI=10.3389/fgwh.2025.1552379

ISSN=2673-5059

ABSTRACT=This mixed-methods study describes perspectives from health providers and simulated clients on initiation and continuation of DMPA-SC for self-injection in Nigeria. Through mystery (simulated) client interactions, we found that providers were similarly willing to dispense units of DMPA-SC for self-injection to different client profiles, which varied in age, marital status, and parity. However, in-depth interviews with providers revealed nuance in their approaches to assessing clients’ eligibility for unsupervised self-injection of DMPA-SC. Factors including client age, marital status, parity, and education influenced who they deemed able to self-inject, which may limit access to DMPA-SC for clients who wish to self-inject the method. Quantitative and qualitative data also indicated that clients faced setbacks in continuing unsupervised self-injection when seeking refills from an unfamiliar provider. Stockouts of DMPA-SC further complicated access; some providers resorted to purchasing DMPA-SC privately and passing the cost onto clients. These findings highlight the need for clearer refill protocols and more consistent supply to ensure equitable access to DMPA-SC for self-injection in Nigeria.