AUTHOR=Ortiz-Esquinas Inmaculada , Rubio-Álvarez Ana , Ballesta-Castillejos Ana , Rodríguez-Almagro Julián , Martínez-Galiano Juan Miguel , Hernández-Martínez Antonio 

TITLE=Relationship between the perception of disrespectful treatment and abuse during childbirth and the risk of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder: a PPQ-based study

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Global Women's Health

VOLUME=Volume 6 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/global-womens-health/articles/10.3389/fgwh.2025.1568446

DOI=10.3389/fgwh.2025.1568446

ISSN=2673-5059

ABSTRACT=ProblemChildbirth is often portrayed as a positive and empowering experience, yet for many women, it can result in negative emotional outcomes, which may contribute to the development of postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Understanding the association between perceived abuse during childbirth and PTSD is crucial for improving maternal care.BackgroundResearch shows that disrespectful and abusive treatment during childbirth is linked to psychological distress and PTSD. However, the correlation between perceived abuse and PTSD in postpartum women remains underexplored.AimTo determine the association between the woman's perception of abuse during childbirth and the risk of developing PTSD postpartum, as well as to analyze related risk factors.MethodsA cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 2,912 women in Spain who gave birth in the last 18 months. The Childbirth Abuse and Respect Evaluation- Maternal Questionnaire (CARE-MQ) assessed perceived abuse, while the Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire (PPQ) measured PTSD risk. Logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders.FindingsHigher CARE-MQ scores were positively correlated with PTSD risk, especially in the “inadequate treatment by professionals” dimension (r = 0.56). Extreme perception of abuse (≥95th percentile) increased the PTSD risk (aOR = 34.72). Additional risk factors included extremely premature birth, unrespected birth plans, complications, type of birth and emergency cesarean sections.DiscussionPerceived mistreatment and inadequate professional care strongly correlate with PTSD risk.ConclusionAddressing these factors—along with other identified risks—may help reduce PTSD prevalence and improve maternal care experiences.