AUTHOR=Ono Kentaro , Hashimoto Junya , Hiramoto Ryosuke , Sasaoka Takafumi , Yamawaki Shigeto 

TITLE=Modulatory Effects of Prediction Accuracy on Electroencephalographic Brain Activity During Prediction

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

VOLUME=Volume 15 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2021.630288

DOI=10.3389/fnhum.2021.630288

ISSN=1662-5161

ABSTRACT=Prediction is essential for the efficiency of many cognitive processes; however, this is not always perfect. Predictive coding theory suggests that the brain generates and updates a prediction to respond to an upcoming event. Although an electrophysiological index of prediction, the stimulus preceding negativity (SPN), has been reported, it remains unknown whether the SPN reflects the prediction accuracy, or whether it is associated with the prediction error, which corresponds to a mismatch between a prediction and an actual input. Thus, the present study aims to determine this using electroencephalography (EEG). Participants were asked to predict original pictures from pictures that had undergone different levels of pixelation. The SPN amplitude was affected by the level of pixelation and correlated with the subjective evaluation of the prediction accuracy. Further, the late positive components (LPCs) was negatively correlated with SPN. These results suggest that the amplitude of SPN reflects the prediction accuracy; more accurate prediction increases SPN and reduces prediction error, resulting in fewer LPCs.