AUTHOR=Bhatt Dev , Ghosh Sankar 

TITLE=Regulation of the NF-κB-Mediated Transcription of Inflammatory Genes

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 5 - 2014

YEAR=2014

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00071

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2014.00071

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=The NF-κB family of transcription factors play a central role in the inducible expression of<br/>inflammatory genes during the immune response, and the proper regulation of these genes is a<br/>critical factor in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The chromatin environment at<br/>stimulus-responsive NF-κB sites is a major determinant in transcription factor binding, and<br/>dynamic alteration of the chromatin state to facilitate transcription factor binding is a key<br/>regulatory mechanism. NF-κB is in turn able to influence the chromatin state through a variety of<br/>mechanisms, including the recruitment of chromatin modifying co-activator complexes such as<br/>p300, the competitive eviction of negative chromatin modifications, and the recruitment of<br/>components of the general transcriptional machinery. Frequently, the selective interaction with<br/>these co-activators is dependent on specific post-translational modification of NF-κB subunits.<br/>Finally, the mechanisms of inducible NF-κB activity in different immune cell types seem to be<br/>largely conserved. The diversity of cell-specific NF-κB mediated transcriptional programs are<br/>established at the chromatin level during cell differentiation by lineage defining transcription<br/>factors. These factors generate and maintain a cell-specific chromatin landscape that is accessible<br/>to NF-κB, thus restricting the inducible transcriptional response to a cell-appropriate output.