AUTHOR=Ramsay George , Cantrell Doreen 

TITLE=Environmental and Metabolic Sensors That Control T Cell Biology

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 6 - 2015

YEAR=2015

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00099

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2015.00099

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=The T lymphocyte response to pathogens is shaped by the microenvironment. Environmental sensors in T cells include the nutrient sensing serine/threonine kinases AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) and mTORc1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1).  Other environmental sensors are transcription factors such as HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1) and the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. The present review explores the molecular basis for the impact of environmental signals on the differentiation of conventional TCRαβ T cells and how the T cell response to immune stimuli can co-ordinate the T cell response to environmental cues.