AUTHOR=Calderon-Gonzalez Ricardo , Teran-Navarro Hector , Marimon José María , González-Rico Claudia , Calvo-Montes Jorge , Frande-Cabanes Elisabet , Alkorta-Gurrutxaga Miriam , Fariñas M. C. , Martínez-Martínez Luis , Perez-Trallero Emilio , Alvarez-Dominguez Carmen 

TITLE=Biomarker Tools to Design Clinical Vaccines Determined from a Study of Annual Listeriosis Incidence in Northern Spain

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=7

YEAR=2016

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00541

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2016.00541

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<p>Two regions of northern Spain, Gipuzkoa, and Cantabria present high annual incidence of listeriosis (1.86 and 1.71 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively). We report that the high annual incidences are a consequence of infection with highly virulent <italic>Listeria monocytogenes</italic> isolates linked to fatal outcomes in elderly patients with cancer. In addition, listeriosis patients with cancer present low IL-17A/IL-6 ratios and significantly reduced levels of anti-GAPDH<sub>1–22</sub> antibodies, identified as two novel biomarkers of poor prognosis. Analysis of these biomarkers may aid in reducing the incidence of listeriosis. Moreover, GAPDH<sub>1–22</sub>-activated monocyte-derived dendritic cells of listeriosis patients with cancer seem useful tools to prepare clinical vaccines as they produce mainly Th1 cytokines.</p>