AUTHOR=Grosche Linda , Draßner Christina , Mühl-Zürbes Petra , Kamm Lisa , Le-Trilling Vu Thuy Khanh , Trilling Mirko , Steinkasserer Alexander , Heilingloh Christiane S. 

TITLE=Human Cytomegalovirus-Induced Degradation of CYTIP Modulates Dendritic Cell Adhesion and Migration

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 8 - 2017

YEAR=2017

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00461

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2017.00461

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=As potent antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the initiation of effective antiviral immune responses. Viruses and especially herpesviruses, which are able to establish lifelong persistence, exploit several immune evasion mechanisms targeting DC biology. Our group has previously shown that the α-herpesvirus HSV-1 inhibits mDC migration by inducing adhesion via degrading the cellular protein CYTIP (cytohesin-1 interacting protein), an important negative regulator of β2-integrin activity. In the present study we extended our analysis to the β-herpesvirus HCMV, to investigate whether other herpesviridae also induce such modulations. Indeed, HCMV impairs mDC transwell migration capability following a CCL19-chemokine gradient, despite equivalent expression levels of the cognate chemokine receptor CCR7 at the corresponding time points post infection. Remarkably, HCMV infection potently induced β2-integrin activity on mDCs. Furthermore, directly HCMV-infected mDCs, exhibiting viral gene expression, strongly adhere to fibronectin and ICAM-1, in contrast to mDCs lacking infection or viral gene expression. Interestingly, HCMV-positive mDCs display a proteasome-dependent degradation of CYTIP. Contrasting the migration towards CCL19, elevated expression levels of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in HCMV-infected mDCs were associated with functional CXCL12-chemotaxis under the herein used conditions. In summary, our results show that HCMV shapes mDC adhesion to compromise migration towards CCL19, but retaining CXCL12 responsiveness. Thus, we hypothesize that a preferred migration pattern towards the bone marrow, but not to secondary lymphoid organs, could ultimately cause a failure in the induction of potent antiviral immune responses.