AUTHOR=Schettini Juliana Araújo de Carvalho , Gomes Thomás Virgílio , Santos Barreto Alexandra Karla , da Silva Júnior Claudeir Dias , da Matta Marina , Coutinho Isabela Cristina Neiva , de Oliveira Maria do Carmo Valgueiro Costa , Torres Leuridan Cavalcante 

TITLE=High Levels of CXCL8 and Low Levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in Women with Maternal RhD Alloimmunization

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 8 - 2017

YEAR=2017

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00700

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2017.00700

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=Abstract 
Maternal RhD alloimmunization is an inflammatory response against protein antigens in fetal red blood cells (RBC). However, not all women become alloimmunized when exposed to RhD+ fetal RBC. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate levels of inflammatory chemokines in RhD- pregnant women with erythrocyte alloimmunization. CXCL8, CXCL9, CCL5, and CXCL10 levels were determined from cell culture supernatants by flow cytometry in 46 (30 non-alloimmunized RhD− and 16 previously alloimmunized RhD−) pregnant women. CXCL8 levels were significantly higher (P<0.004) and CXCL9 (P<0.008) and CXCL10 (P<0.003) levels were significantly lower in alloimmunized pregnant women. No significant difference in CCL5 levels was detected between the groups. Fetal RHD genotyping was performed in the alloimmunized RhD− group by real-time PCR. Anti-D alloantibody was detected in 10 mothers and anti-D and -C in six mothers. Twelve fetuses were RHD positive and four were RHD negative. Further studies of serum chemokines and placenta tissue could provide a better understanding of the cells involved in the pathogenesis of maternal erythrocyte alloimmunization.
Key words: chemokines, pregnancy, inflammation, flow cytometry, Rh(o) antigen, genotyping techniques, hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.