AUTHOR=Gates Katherine V. , Pereira Naveen L. , Griffiths Leigh G. 

TITLE=Cardiac Non-Human Leukocyte Antigen Identification: Techniques and Troubles

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 8 - 2017

YEAR=2017

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01332

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2017.01332

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=Historically efforts have focused on the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) as the major cause for acute and chronic rejection. However, rising evidence indicates that non-HLA antibodies can be both modifiers and primary initiators of both antibody mediated rejection (AMR) and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). The purpose of this review is to assess currently available technologies for non-HLA antigen identification and leveraging such responses toward antibody quantification. Several techniques have been used to identify antigenic determinants of recipient graft-specific non-HLA humoral immune responses, but each comes with its own set of benefits and caveats. Improving our ability to detect non-HLA humoral immune response will aid in our understanding of the underlying antigenic determinants of AMR and CAV, as well as improve patient outcomes.