AUTHOR=Wang Yuedi , Luo Feifei , Yang Jiao , Zhao Chujun , Chu Yiwei 

TITLE=New Chimeric Antigen Receptor Design for Solid Tumors

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 8 - 2017

YEAR=2017

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01934

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2017.01934

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has become popular in immunotherapy, particularly after its tremendous success in the treatment of lineage-restricted hematologic cancers. However, the application of CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors has not reached its full potential because of the lack of specific tumor antigens and inhibitory factors in suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) [e.g., programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)]. In this review, we include some limitations in CAR design, such as tumor heterogeneity, indefinite spatial distance between CAR T-cell and its target cell, and suppressive TME. We also summarize some new approaches to overcome these hurdles, including targeting neoantigens and/or multiple antigens at once and depleting some inhibitory factors.