AUTHOR=Outlioua Ahmed , Pourcelot Marie , Arnoult Damien 

TITLE=The Role of Optineurin in Antiviral Type I Interferon Production

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2018

YEAR=2018

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00853

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2018.00853

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=After a viral infection and the stimulation of some pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) as the TLR3 in the endosomes or the RIG-I-like Receptors (RLRs) in the cytosol, activation of the IKK- related kinase TBK1 leads to the production of type I Interferons (IFNs) after phosphorylation of the transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7. Recent findings indicate an involvement of K63-linked polyubiquitination and of the Golgi-localized protein Optineurin (OPTN) in the activation of this crucial kinase involved in innate anti-viral immunity. This review summarizes the sensing of viruses and the signaling leading to type I IFN production following TBK1 activation through its ubiquitination and the sensing of ubiquitin chains by OPTN at the Golgi apparatus.