AUTHOR=Goh Yun Shan , McGuire Daniel , Rénia Laurent 

TITLE=Vaccination With Sporozoites: Models and Correlates of Protection

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 10 - 2019

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01227

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2019.01227

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=Despite continuous efforts, the century-old goal of eradicating malaria still remains. Multiple control interventions need to be in place simultaneously to achieve this goal. In addition to effective control measures, drug therapies and insecticides, vaccines are critical to reduce mortality and morbidity. This has led to numerous studies investigating various malaria vaccine candidates, which are mostly subunit vaccines. However, they have shown limited efficacy in Phase II and III studies. To date, only whole parasite formulations have shown to induce sterile immunity in human. In this article, we review and discuss the recent developments in vaccination with sporozoites and the mechanisms of protection involved.