AUTHOR=Li Zihui , Deng Jie , Sun Jianhai , Ma Yanling 

TITLE=Hyperthermia Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment Facilitates Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2020

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.595207

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2020.595207

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI) has ushered a new era of cancer therapy, but ICI is only effective in immunoreactive patients. Efficacy of ICI is closely related to tumor microenvironment. Fever for long time were thought to directed regulate the immune response and artificial “fever” from hyperthermia modulate the tumor immune microenvironment by providing danger signals with heat shock proteins as well as subsequent actived immune systems. Encouraging results has achieved in preclinical studies focused on potential synergetic effect by combining hyperthermia with ICIs. In this review, we summarized a cluster of immune related factors that are complementary for the enhancement of the ICI within tumor immune cycle, with highlight on the immungenicity and immunoreactivity in tumor microenvironment, and review recent preclinical data of the combination regimens involving hyperthermia and ICI, to demonstrate the combined efficacy, and illustrate possible approaches to further boost the effectiveness of this combination.