AUTHOR=Hosseinkhani Negar , Derakhshani Afshin , Shadbad Mahdi Abdoli , Argentiero Antonella , Racanelli Vito , Kazemi Tohid , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad , Brunetti Oronzo , Silvestris Nicola , Baradaran Behzad 

TITLE=The Role of V-Domain Ig Suppressor of T Cell Activation (VISTA) in Cancer Therapy: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.676181

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2021.676181

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=Immune checkpoints (ICs) have pivotal roles in regulating immune responses. V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation(VISTA) is a novel inhibitoryICs, which can be expressed on myeloid cells, lymphoid cells, and tumoral cells.Thus, this IC has a critical role in regulating innate and adaptive anti-tumoral immune responses. Growing evidence has shown that VISTA is one of the main culprits in attenuating anti-tumoral immune responses following IC-based immunotherapy. This review aimed tosummarizethe current knowledge about its structure, its expression phenotype andhighlight its function in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of various cancers.Based on the recent pre-clinical and clinical findings, this review intended to propose a strategy to overcome the immune-resistant state of cancers following conventional IC-based immunotherapy.