AUTHOR=Sánchez-de Prada Laura , Ortiz de Lejarazu-Leonardo Raúl , Castrodeza-Sanz Javier , Tamayo-Gómez Eduardo , Eiros-Bouza José María , Sanz-Muñoz Iván 

TITLE=Do Vaccines Need a Gender Perspective? Influenza Says Yes!

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.715688

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2021.715688

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=Background: Sex differences in immune responses are well-known. However, the humoral response in males and females in the case of influenza vaccination is yet to be characterized since studies have shown uneven results.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 2,243 individuals (46.9% males) divided by age (15-64 and ≥65 years old). A serological analysis by hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI) just before and 28 days after annual vaccination against seasonal influenza viruses in people vaccinated during the 2006-2018 seasons. A comparison of the humoral responses against the influenza A and B viruses contained in the vaccine, between male and female individuals in young adults and elderly was conducted. 
Results: Significative higher humoral response against classical influenza A (H1N1), A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype and B/Victoria lineage in terms of seroconversion rate was found in elderly women. 
Conclusions: Elderly women seems to display a greater humoral response against classical A(H1N1), pandemic A(H1N1)pmd09 and B/Victoria lineage than elderly men. Sex dimorphism does not affect young adults.