AUTHOR=Mahara Gehendra , Tian Cuihong , Xu Xiaojia , Zhu Jinxiu TITLE=Breakthrough of glycobiology in the 21st century JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2022 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1071360 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2022.1071360 ISSN=1664-3224 ABSTRACT=As modern medicine began to emerge at the turn of the 20th century, glycan-based therapies advanced. DNA- and protein-centered therapies became widely available. The research and development of structurally defined carbohydrates have led to new tools and methods that have sparked interest in the therapeutic applications of glycans. This review focuses on recent developments that have pushed glycan-based therapies into the spotlight in medicine as well as in the technologies powering these initiatives, which we can take as the biggest success of the 21st century.