AUTHOR=Hu Zixuan , Zhou Jiaying , Li Yupeng , Luan Yizhao , Li Huan , Jia Bo , Xie Zhi , Cheng Bin , Wu Tong 

TITLE=Peripheral immune signature resembles tumor microenvironment and predicts clinical outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.915207

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2022.915207

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=The contour of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is very important for tumor prognostic prediction but hard to be characterized in clinical practice. It is unclear in clinical whether the peripheral immune signature (pIS) reflects TIME as a feasible prognostic indicator for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Here, we enrolled 599 HNSCC patients from 3 domestic institutes to explore the relationship between pIS and survival. Peripheral neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (pNLR) was screened out as a significant prognostic variable through multivariable COX regression analyses. An inverse correlation between pNLR and survival was found in the data of these 599 patients. Meanwhile, bulk tumor RNA-seq data of 913 cases was downloaded from TCGA and GEO database to identify the prognosis-associated TIME features. The TIME feature was consistent to the finding of clinical data, in which high tissue NLR predicted poor prognosis. Differentially expressed immune related gene (DEIRG) enrichment analysis also showed a trend that the gene sets in patients with good prognosis were enriched in lymphocyte-related functions, while those with poor prognosis were enriched in neutrophil-related functions. At the same time, the well prediction performance of our model based on DEIRGs was verified in both TCGA and GEO cohorts. Finally, the correlation between pIS and TIME was confirmed in a small independent cohort of 30 HNSCC patients. A positive correlation was confirmed prospectively between pNLR and TIME pattern in our independent cohort. Our findings provide evidence that pNLR is a feasible prognostic signature which reflects the TIME patterns to some extent in HNSCC.