AUTHOR=Zhou Qiao , Li Ting , Wang Kaiwen , Zhang Qi , Geng Zhuowen , Deng Shaoping , Cheng Chunming , Wang Yi 

TITLE=Current status of xenotransplantation research and the strategies for preventing xenograft rejection

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.928173

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2022.928173

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=Transplantation is often the last resort for end-stage organ failures, e.g., kidney, liver, heart, lung, and pancreas. The shortage of donor organs is the main limiting factor for successful transplantation in humans. Except living donations, other alternatives are needed, e.g., xenotransplantation of pig organs. However, immune rejection remains the major challenge to overcome in xenotransplantation. There are three different xenogeneic types of rejections, based on the responses and mechanisms involved. It includes hyperacute rejection (HAR), delayed xenograft rejection (DXR) and chronic rejection. In this review, we summarized recent progress in xenotransplantation research, and comprehensively discussed the mechanism of the immunological rejection and the strategies for preventing Xenograft rejection. Taken together, these information will benefit the current immunological research in the field of xenotransplantation.