AUTHOR=Patel Preya U. , Regmi Aryan , Dass Angelina I. , Rojas Olga L. 

TITLE=Immune conversations at the border: meningeal immunity in health and disease

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1531068

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2025.1531068

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=The brain and spinal cord, collectively known as the central nervous system, are encapsulated by an overlapping series of membranes known as the meninges. Once considered primarily a physical barrier for central nervous system protection, the bordering meninges are now recognized as highly immunologically active. The meninges host diverse resident immune cells and serve as a critical interface with peripheral immunity, playing multifaceted roles in maintaining central nervous system homeostasis, responding to pathogenic threats, and neurological disorders. This review summarizes recent advancements in our understanding of meningeal immunity including its structural composition, physiological functions, and role in health and disease.