AUTHOR=Yang Zhongxia , Xiong Wanyuan , Qian Zibing , Mao Xiaorong 

TITLE=Case Report: Infection with Streptococcus constellatus manifesting as gelatinous pleural effusion in an HIV-positive patient

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1545165

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2025.1545165

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=Streptococcus constellatus, recognized as a commensal bacterium, has the potential to induce severe infections in patients with immunodeficiency. Here, we reported a rare case of Streptococcus constellatus infection that manifested as gelatinous pleural effusion in a patient with HIV. Although the effusion was gelatinous and partially encapsulated, it was completely resolved with timely administration of antibiotics, thereby eliminating the necessity for thoracic drainage, urokinase injection, or surgical intervention.