AUTHOR=Wu Zhuna , Lin Qiuya , Zhou Zhimei , Xie Yajing , Huang Li , Sheng Liying , Shi Qirong , Ke Yumin 

TITLE=LYN and CYBB are pivotal immune and inflammatory genes as diagnostic biomarkers in recurrent spontaneous abortion

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1568536

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2025.1568536

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) seriously affects women’s reproductive health, and its pathogenesis is complex and varied. The aim of this study is to identify key molecular markers closely associated with RSA to rapidly and effectively predict the RSA, and to provide simple and practical indicators for clinical diagnosis and treatment.MethodWe obtained mRNA expression profiles from the GSE26787 and GSE165004 datasets of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, immune-related genes (IRGs) from the ImmPort database (https://www.immport.org), and genes related to inflammatory response from the Molecular Signatures database. Different Inflammation- and immunity-related genes (DIIRGs) were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were utilized to explore the connections between various DIIRGs. The candidate DIIRGs were analyzed by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and the multiple support vector machine recursive feature elimination (mSVM-RFE). The diagnostic ability of the candidate genes was verified using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The performance of the predictive model was evaluated using a Nomo plot. We further confirmed the expression levels and diagnostic value of key genes by performing immunohistochemistry (IHC) in clinical tissue samples. The compositional patterns of the infiltration of 22 immune cell types in RSA were analyzed via the CIBERSORT algorithm.ResultWe identified 403 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 7 DIIRGs between RSA endometrium and Non-RSA endometrium. GO analysis showed that DIIRGs were significantly enriched in positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion, inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus, and protein tyrosine kinase activity. KEGG enrichment analyses were performed mainly on Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and Ras signaling pathway. A predictive and diagnostic model composed of three genes (CYBB, LYN, and MET). The CYBB, LYN, and MET genes were identified as diagnostic biomarkers of RSA (AUC = 0.747, AUC = 0.751, AUC=0.703), and reduced levels of CYBB and LYN expression were found to correlate with RSA in clinical samples. In addition, immune microenvironment analysis showed that CYBB and MET were positively correlated with naïve B cells and negatively correlated with CD8 T cells, LYN and MET were positively correlated with M2 macrophages and negatively correlated with eosinophils, respectively (P < 0.05).ConclusionInflammation-immunity is a key factor in the pathogenesis of RSA. CYBB and LYN are regarded as the crucial genes that constitute a model and contribute to inflammation-immunity throughout the occurrence and progression of RSA. These findings provide a new perspective on the diagnosis and pathogenesis of RSA.