AUTHOR=Broman Meaghan M. , Lanman Nadia A. , Vickman Renee E. , Cresswell Gregory M. , Kothandaraman Harish , Kolliegbo Andree , Paez Juan Sebastian Paez , Glaser Alexander P. , Helfand Brian T. , Henry Gervaise , Strand Douglas W. , Franco Omar E. , Hayward Simon W. , Ratliff Timothy L. 

TITLE=Immune cell single-cell RNA sequencing analyses link an age-associated T cell subset to symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1585446

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2025.1585446

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=IntroductionBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is among the most common age-associated diseases in men. Prostatic immune cell infiltration is frequently observed with aging coincident with BPH; however, the contribution of age-related changes in immune cells to BPH is not clear. As T cells are the predominate immune cell in aged prostates, it is hypothesized that age-associated alterations in T cell subsets contribute to BPH symptoms.MethodsscRNA-seq data from immune cells isolated from small (≤40g) and large (≥90g) prostates from aged men (>50 years) were combined with previously published scRNA-seq data from three young organ donor prostates to compare young to aged prostate T cells and small to large aged prostate T cells. Cycling and senescent BPH patient-derived fibroblasts were treated with granzyme K and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-associated cytokines were measured by ELISA.ResultsAn age-associated CD8+ T cell subset (Taa) with high Granzyme K (GZMKhi) and low Granzyme B (GZMBlow) gene expression infiltrated aged human prostates and positively correlated with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). A velocity analysis indicated that CD8+ T cell differentiation is altered in large BPH prostates compared to small age-matched prostates, favoring Taa accumulation. In vitro granzyme K treatment of human BPH patient-derived large prostate fibroblasts increased secretion of pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-associated cytokines.DiscussionThese data suggest that granzyme K-mediated stimulation of prostate stromal fibroblast SASP cytokine and chemokine production promotes prostate immune cell recruitment and activation. Overall, these results connect symptomatic BPH with immune aging.