AUTHOR=Huang Hao , Zang Yu-Jie , Li Zheng-Guo , Li Qian , Ma Chun-Yan , Zhao Hai-Yuan , Li Hang 

TITLE=Correlation between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and serum anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody formation

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1593577

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2025.1593577

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the formation of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA).MethodsSerum samples from 154 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were collected and tested for ANCA and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to confirm the target antigens in ANCA fluorescence-positive samples. Eighty-seven healthy individuals were selected as the control group. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.ResultsThe ANCA fluorescence positivity rate in the control group (1.1%) was not significantly different from that in COVID-19 positive patients (2.5%) (χ² = 0.574, P > 0.05). Among COVID-19 positive patients, 4 cases (2.5%) were ANCA fluorescence positive, while 10 cases (6.4%) were ANA positive. The difference between these two rates was not statistically significant (χ² = 2.694, P > 0.05).ConclusionThe Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has minimal association with the formation of serum ANCA.