AUTHOR=Biryukov Sergei S. , Cote Christopher K. , Klimko Christopher P. , Dankmeyer Jennifer L. , Rill Nathaniel O. , Hunter Melissa , Davies Michael L. , Hedrick Zander M. , Shoe Jennifer L. , Schmidt Lindsey K. , Orne Caitlyn E. , Qiu Ju , Welkos Susan L. , Burtnick Mary N. , Brett Paul J. , DeShazer David 

TITLE=Comparison of homologous and heterologous vaccination strategies for combating disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1596265

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2025.1596265

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=IntroductionMelioidosis is a major cause of disease and mortality in endemic tropical regions, and the etiologic agent, Burkholderia pseudomallei, is being isolated increasingly from an expanded range of environmental and clinical sources in locations including the United States. The disease can have multi-faceted clinical presentations and requires a complex and protracted treatment regimen which is confounded by resistance of this microbe to numerous antibiotics. Thus, prophylactic countermeasures are needed; however, a vaccine has yet to be licensed for human use. Since B. pseudomallei is classified as a Tier 1 select agent, the development of a safe and effective vaccine is both a military and public health need. Our laboratories have focused on the development of vaccines composed of live attenuated strains and defined subunit antigens.MethodsIn the current study, we evaluated homologous and heterologous combinations of candidate subunits and live vaccines in a murine aerosol model of melioidosis to determine the effects of vaccine composition and delivery scheme on protection in conjunction with immune responses and bacterial clearance.ResultsBoth strategies provided significant protection against lethal aerosol challenges, and the accumulated data support that a heterologous vaccination strategy employing capsular polysaccharide conjugate and Hcp1 subunits and a live but highly safe capsular polysaccharide-producing surrogate strain of B. thailandensis is an effective and potentially agile prophylactic strategy.