AUTHOR=Guglielmo Alba , Zengarini Corrado , Tugnoli Federica , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Borghi Alessandro , Corazza Monica , La Placa Michelangelo , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Pileri Alessandro 

TITLE=Unraveling the role of chemokines in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: expression levels at different stages

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1646669

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2025.1646669

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS) are the most prevalent cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, classified separately in the 2022 WHO Classification due to their distinct features. Despite advances, the mechanisms underlying disease progression—from early patch and plaque lesions to advanced tumor stages—remain incompletely understood. Chemokines and their receptors play crucial roles in the migration and survival of malignant T cells, influencing tissue invasion, immune evasion, and dissemination. This review highlights the altered expression of chemokine receptors like CCR4, CCR7, CCR8, CCR10, CXCR3, and CXCR4 in MF/SS and their contribution to disease evolution. It also explores the transition from a Th1 to a Th2 immune profile, linked to tumor progression. The dual role of chemokines in physiology and pathology is examined, with emphasis on their therapeutic potential in CTCL.