<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <rss version="2.0">
      <channel xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/">
        <title>Frontiers in Insect Science | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/insect-science</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Insect Science | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
        <generator>Frontiers Feed Generator,version:1</generator>
        <pubDate>2026-05-04T22:57:14.913+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1806215</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1806215</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Population genetic structure of the African sugarcane stalk borer (Eldana saccharina Walker, Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Tanzania]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Hamis D. Wambura</author><author>Gration M. Rwegasira</author><author>Martin J. Martin</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThe African sugarcane stalk borer (Eldana saccharina) is a major insect pest of sugarcane in Sub-Saharan Africa. Because its larvae reside inside sugarcane stalks, conventional measures are less effective. Poorly managed infestations can reduce sugar production by up to 18% from damage caused by a single larva. Limited knowledge on the genetic diversity and population structure of E. saccharina, has curtailed insights into developing breeding-based pest management strategies including host resistance.MethodSamples of Eldana saccharina were collected from three altitude-defined agroecological zones in Tanzania. A mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region was amplified, sequenced, and analyzed to assess genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogenetic relationships among populations.ResultsTwelve unique haplotypes were identified. Observed haplotype diversity was high in the high altitude (Hd=0.64) and medium (Hd=1.00) populations, and moderate in the low-altitude populations (Hd=0.57), although these estimates should be interpreted cautiously due to the small sample size used. Overall genetic differentiation across populations was significant (χ² = 38, P = 0.017). Pairwise comparison showed significant differentiation between high and low altitude populations (FST = 0.35, P = 0.004) and between medium and low altitude populations (FST = 0.21, P = 0.01), whereas differentiation between high and medium altitude populations was low and not significant (FST = 0.1, P = 0.12) A significant positive Tajima’s D value in the low-altitude (2.5, P = 0.01), may indicate possible population contraction or selection, although this inference is provisional due to limited sample size. The presence of geographically structured and zone-specific haplotypes was observed, suggesting preliminary altitude-associated genetic differentiations.DiscussionE. saccharina populations in Tanzania showed substantial mitochondrial genetic diversity and altitude-associated population structure. These findings suggest preliminary basis for considering population variation in the design of locally relevant monitoring, host-resistance breeding, and other targeted pest management strategies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1811042</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1811042</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Evaluation of dsRNA produced in E. coli for controlling Japanese beetle]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jeffrey L. Howell</author><author>Ramesh Kumar Dhandapani</author><author>Sundararajan Balasubramani</author><author>Jun Seok Ryoo</author><author>Subba Reddy Palli</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) is a highly polyphagous invasive pest that causes significant economic damage to field crops, ornamentals, and turf. Traditionally, large amounts of broad-spectrum chemical insecticides have been used to target both adults and larvae, but with limited success mainly due to resistance. RNA interference (RNAi) might provide an alternative method for species-specific control by silencing essential survival genes with double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). Injecting dsRNA targeting the actin and ATPCL genes reduced their expression and caused death in Japanese beetle adults. However, orally delivered dsActin did not induce knockdown of the target gene or mortality. Exposure of dsRNA to lumen contents, followed by electrophoresis, showed that dsRNases present in the lumen digest dsRNA, suggesting that degradation of orally delivered dsRNA may contribute to its ineffectiveness. In contrast, dsActin produced in Escherichia coli and fed to adult beetles caused target gene knockdown, reduced feeding on rose leaves, and increased mortality. When heat-killed bacteria were sprayed onto okra plants in covered field plots, a similar effect was observed; the plants were better protected by dsActin than by control dsGFP. These results from laboratory assays and preliminary field trials suggest that using heat-killed bacteria that produce dsRNA targeting essential genes in Japanese beetles could offer a cost-effective strategy for its control.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1802110</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1802110</link>
        <title><![CDATA[From suboptimal prey to optimal performance: selective breeding improves Orius laevigatus performance on a low-cost mite diet]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Amador Rodríguez-Gómez</author><author>Virginia Balanza</author><author>María del Carmen Reche</author><author>Ana Belén Abelaira</author><author>Alberto Garre</author><author>Pablo Bielza</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The mass production of the generalist predator Orius laevigatus currently relies on expensive factitious prey, such as Ephestia kuehniella eggs. While astigmatid mites offer a low-cost alternative, their use has been historically limited by a significant decline in predator fecundity and fitness. This study evaluates the success of a 15-generation selection program aimed at developed strains adapted to an astigmatid mite diet (Acarus siro). We compared two selected lines (MITE1–15 and MITE2-15) against a commercial population. Our results show that the MITE2–15 line overcame the reduced fecundity typically associated with alternative prey, reaching oviposition on A. siro comparable to E. kuehniella. Furthermore, this genetic gain in reproductive output was achieved without physiological trade-offs, as the selected lines maintained standard morphological size, improved developmental time, and exhibited high survival rates across multiple astigmatid species, including Suidasia medanensis and Carpoglyphus lactis. A significant population-diet interaction confirms that targeted selection leads to a synergistic adaptation superior to generalist stress-tolerance strategies. These findings represent an advance in the development of improved natural enemies, providing the biocontrol industry with a robust, cost-effective strategy to replace expensive factitious prey without compromising the quality or resilience of the mass-reared predators.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1726127</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1726127</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Challenging the long-held “pied piper” hypothesis: evidence of southward migration of corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) in North America]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Amina A. Twaibu</author><author>Eduardo S. Calixto</author><author>Julien M. Beuzelin</author><author>Isaac L. Esquivel</author><author>Silvana V. Paula-Moraes</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Migration plays an important role in the ecology of insect pests, including Helicoverpa zea, a major pest of multiple crops across the U.S. The long-standing “pied piper” hypothesis proposes that H. zea populations migrate northward each summer to exploit seasonal resources but because cannot overwinter in the lethal winter conditions, populations of this pest fail to continue to be established in higher latitudes in North America. This study investigated the natal origins and migratory connectivity of H. zea moths collected across Florida between 2017 and 2024 using stable hydrogen isotope analysis of wing tissues. Through this approach, we traced the origins of 249 individuals, revealing that most late-season moths originated locally or from southern U.S. regions. However, a distinct subset exhibited isotopic signatures indicative of long-distance migration from northern areas, including the upper Midwest and Corn Belt. Estimated flight distances for these northern migrants ranged from 1,375 to 1,725 km, with dispersal patterns showing a predominant northwest-to-southeast orientation. These findings provide evidence that H. zea populations engage in bidirectional migration. This H. zea reverse migration has critical implications for integrated pest management (IPM) and insect resistance management (IRM) to insecticides and Bt traits, considering the risk of gene flow of populations under continuous selection for resistance in both Cotton and Corn Belts.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1817242</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1817242</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Anise (Pimpinella anisum) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) essential oils and their combination as natural and safe housefly (Musca domestica) ovicides]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Hataichanok Passara</author><author>Chamroon Laosinwattana</author><author>Tanapoom Moungthipmalai</author><author>Kouhei Murata</author><author>Mayura Soonwera</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Essential oils (EOs) are potential natural substitutes for synthetic insecticides. This study investigated the ovicidal efficacy and environmental safety of single and combined formulations of anise (Pimpinella anisum) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) EOs against the housefly, Musca domestica. For efficacy evaluation, all formulations were stored at 25 °C and their ovicidal activity and stability were assessed after one year, using α-cypermethrin as a standard insecticide control. A 1:1 anise–fennel EO mixture showed the highest activity, achieving complete ovicidal effect (100%) for up to 6 months under laboratory conditions, with LC50 values of 0.07–0.08 µL egg⁻¹. After one year of storage, the formulation remained highly effective, with 95% inhibition and an LC50 of 0.08 µL egg⁻¹. The combined formulation exhibited strong ovicidal synergy and was more effective than individual EO formulations and α-cypermethrin at all time points (synergistic inhibition index: 12.9–16.3). Morphological observations of treated eggs revealed damage to the hatching line, aeropyles, and plastron. In a separate safety assessment, toxicity was evaluated using the non-target earthworm Eisenia fetida, where all EO treatments showed no apparent toxicity, while α-cypermethrin was highly toxic. These results demonstrate that the 1:1 combined anise and fennel EO formulation is an effective, stable, and environmentally safe ovicidal agent for sustainable housefly control.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1847113</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1847113</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Women in insect science, volume II]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Immacolata Iovinella</author><author>Emma J. Hudgins</author><author>Mariana Bulgarella</author><author>Sudeshna Mazumdar-Leighton</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1811511</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1811511</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Performance of different spatial repellents (spatial emanators) against vector mosquito species in Mali, West Africa: a field trial using a non-human test method]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Edita E. Revay</author><author>Karen McKenzie</author><author>Amy Junnila</author><author>Kristine Styer</author><author>Alexey M. Prozorov</author><author>Mohamed M. Traore</author><author>Liwang Cui</author><author>Roman V. Yakovlev</author><author>Aidas Saldaitis</author><author>Sekou F. Traore</author><author>Abdoul Habib Beavogui</author><author>Tatiana A. Prozorova</author><author>Gergely Petrányi</author><author>Ursula Benz</author><author>Rui-De Xue</author><author>Günter C. Müller</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionSpatial repellents (also called spatial emanators) are widely marketed for personal protection against mosquito bites, yet their real‑world performance varies substantially and is rarely evaluated under standardized field conditions. This study quantified the protective efficacy of six consumer‑available repellent devices at paired urban (Aedes-dominated) and rural (Anopheles-dominated) field sites in Mali, West Africa.MethodsProducts included a Dynatrap® Mosquito Repellent electronic device with an 8.83% transfluthrin-containing replaceable heat-activated cartridge, a Thermacell® E90 Rechargeable Mosquito Repeller electronic device with a 5.5% transfluthrin-containing replaceable heat-activated cartridge, two mosquito coils (Hassana containing 0.08% meperfluthrin and PIC® containing 0.6% pyrethrins), a Cutter® CitroGuard® Candle containing 3% citronella oil, and an Isotronic mosquito repellent device with an oscillating frequency technology. Each product was tested in wind‑controlled V‑shaped field plots using three CO2‑baited CDC‑UV traps, positioned 14 ft from the device, to quantify spatial protection.ResultsAcross both sites, the heat-activated volatile pyrethroid devices achieved the strongest and most consistent reductions in mosquito captures. At the urban site, the Dynatrap® and Thermacell devices lowered mean Aedes counts from all traps in all replicates 14.33 ± 2.05 in the control to 0.96 ± 0.27 and 0.88 ± 0.26, respectively, and reduced mean Culex counts from 8.83 ± 1.40 to 0.50 ± 0.21 and 1.00 ± 0.29, respectively. At the rural site, where Anopheles were predominant, these same devices decreased mean captures from 34.96 ± 7.20 in the control to 1.63 ± 0.49 (Dynatrap®) and 2.50 ± 0.63 (Thermacell®). Culex were reduced from 15.79 ± 2.91 to 2.63 ± 0.61 (Dynatrap®) and 4.00 ±0.69 (Thermacell®) at the same site. Dunnett’s multiple comparisons confirmed that these were the only treatments to produce significant reductions across multiple genera at both sites. Mosquito coils offered moderate but inconsistent protection, while the citronella candle and ultrasonic device showed minimal or no measurable effect, aligning with previous findings that citronella‑based products provide little field efficacy. This characterization of “inconsistent” reflects the night‑to‑night fluctuations in percent reduction, which are evident in the raw data (not shown) and already conveyed in the reported means and confidence intervals.DiscussionTogether, these results demonstrate that heat‑activated volatile pyrethroid devices can deliver strong, broad‑spectrum spatial protection across ecologically varied environments. The study emphasizes the need for standardized, wind‑controlled field testing and highlights significant performance gaps among widely marketed consumer repellents. Given that spatial repellents are now formally recognized as a recommended intervention class in the 2025 WHO Guidelines, these performance gaps carry important public health implications, as inconsistent or underperforming products could undermine the protective value expected from this intervention category.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1774983</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1774983</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Responses of cotton jassid (Amrasca biguttula) to synthetic insecticides recommended in Tanzania]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Joseph Elias Nyesse</author><author>Gration Mutashoberwa Rwegasira</author><author>Luseko Amos Chilagane</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionCotton jassids (Amrasca biguttula) have emerged as the most damaging sucking pest in cotton production in Tanzania, causing yield losses of up to 50% when unmanaged. Control has largely depended on synthetic insecticides; however, their effectiveness has been questioned by growers. It remains unclear whether this reduced efficacy is due to inherent properties of the insecticides or to external factors such as application rate, timing, and method.MethodsReplicated field experiments were conducted at three locations within the Western and Eastern Cotton Growing Areas (WCGA and ECGA) of Tanzania during the 2024–2025 growing season. Four commonly recommended insecticides: Lambda-cyhalothrin, Chlorpyrifos, Imidacloprid, and Profenofos were evaluated alongside an untreated control using a randomised complete block design (RCBD). Applications were based on the economic threshold level (ETL = 1–2 jassids per plant) at 10 –14 day intervals. Mortality was assessed at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-application, and population reduction was calculated using Abbott’s formula. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), with means separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 95% confidence.ResultsAll tested insecticides significantly reduced both nymph and adult jassid populations compared to the control, although their efficacy varied. Imidacloprid was the most effective, achieving mean reductions of 67.59% (nymphs) and 66.31% (adults), followed by profenofos with reductions of 52.75% (nymphs) and 55.83% (adults).DiscussionThe results demonstrate that insecticide effectiveness varies considerably, with Imidacloprid showing superior performance under field conditions. These findings suggest that its inclusion in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes could improve jassid control. However, optimisation of application practices remains essential to enhance overall efficacy and sustainability.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1806523</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1806523</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Coexistence and distribution patterns of Anastrepha dentata and Anastrepha pallens (Diptera: Tephritidae) associated with fruits of Sideroxylon celastrinum (Sapotaceae) along an altitudinal gradient in East-central Mexico]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Maurilio López-Ortega</author><author>Jaime C. Piñero</author><author>Diego M. Gómez-González</author><author>Armando J. Martínez</author><author>Vicente Hernández-Ortiz</author>
        <description><![CDATA[We present the first confirmed host-plant association of Anastrepha dentata (Stone) (Diptera: Tephritidae) with Sideroxylon celastrinum (Sapotaceae) and provide new insights into its coexistence and altitudinal segregation with Anastrepha pallens (Coquillett) in central Veracruz, Mexico. Multi-year surveys across elevations ranging from 270 to 720 m revealed consistent partitioning, with A. dentata dominating higher elevations and A. pallens prevailing in lowland areas, while both species co-occurred at intermediate elevations. Laboratory rearing demonstrated a strict one-larva-per-fruit pattern and species-specific differences in fruit selection. Canonical discriminant analysis showed that fruit length (not fruit weight), was the primary morphological trait associated with infestation by A. pallens, a novel pattern not previously documented for this host-fruit fly system. Developmental timing also differed between species, with A. dentata exhibiting slower development at cooler, high-elevation sites and A. pallens developing more rapidly in warm lowland environments. Parasitism was minimal, indicating little parasitoid impact on either fly species. Together, these results highlight the combined influence of environmental filtering, fruit morphological traits, and microclimatic variation in structuring the distribution and coexistence of these species. This work expands the natural history of A. dentata and A. pallens and advances our understanding of ecological differentiation within Neotropical fruit fly communities.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1780864</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1780864</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Integrative transcriptomic and microbiome analyses reveal thermal adaptation mechanisms in green and red color morphs of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yan Pang</author><author>Yifan Wang</author><author>Quan Deng</author><author>Xinwei Wang</author><author>Jitao Wang</author><author>Wenxin Xue</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Under global warming, the frequency and severity of agricultural pest outbreaks have intensified, posing serious threats to agriculture. The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)), an important agricultural pest, exhibits green and red color morphs and differentiated thermal tolerance, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, based on transcriptome and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, we analyzed the gene expression patterns and microbial community dynamics of green and red morphs of M. persicae under high-temperature stresses (30 °C and 35 °C) and across different exposure durations, comparing their similarities and differences in heat-response processes. Principal component analysis of transcriptomic data indicated that temperature had a greater influence on the physiological responses of M. persicae than body color, with a more pronounced effect observed at 35 °C. Differential gene expression analysis revealed overlap in temperature-responsive genes but different response patterns between the two morphs, suggesting activation of divergent molecular response mechanisms. Genes encoding heat shock proteins, detoxification-related enzymes, ribosomal protein family and so on were significantly up-regulated under high temperature, with a more pronounced induction in the green morph, indicating morph-specific regulatory strategies in response to thermal stress. Moreover, 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that the primary symbiont Buchnera displayed different relative abundance trends in the green and red morphs, remaining relatively stable in the red morph but declining markedly in the green morph under heat stress, potentially associated with their variation in thermal tolerance. Collectively, this study elucidates the molecular responses and microbe-mediated regulatory mechanisms underlying thermal tolerance in green and red morphs of M. persicae, providing novel insights into the thermal adaptation of aphids and a theoretical basis for developing pest management strategies under global warming.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1766919</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1766919</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Establishing and sustaining mosquito colonies: insights into morphology, bionomics, and advances in the rearing of Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Irrusappan Hari</author><author>Prajwal Gaikwad</author><author>Sanket Kumar Ray</author><author>Jose Antony Jenish</author><author>Tharani Priya P</author><author>Kalichamy Alagarasu</author><author>Balasubramanian Rathinam</author><author>Balachandar Vellingiri</author><author>Devakumar Dinesh</author><author>Kalpana Baruah</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Mosquitoes of the genera Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes are of major medical importance as vectors of malaria, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Understanding their morphology and bionomics is fundamental for vector biology, ecological studies, and the design of effective control strategies. Laboratory colonies of mosquitoes serve as an indispensable resource for investigating mosquito genetics, physiology, and vector–pathogen interactions, while also enabling the evaluation of new interventions such as Wolbachia-based control and the sterile insect technique. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the morphology and bionomics of key mosquito vectors and outlines advances in colony establishment, rearing, and maintenance. Particular attention is given to larval and adult diet, environmental conditions, oviposition, blood-feeding methods, and strategies to minimize inbreeding and maintain microbial balance in colonies. Challenges including genetic drift, colony adaptation, and maintenance of representative field traits are discussed alongside emerging solutions. By integrating classical entomological knowledge with recent innovations in rearing technology, this review highlights the central role of sustainable mosquito colonies in strengthening basic research and supporting applied approaches for vector-borne disease control.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1814368</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1814368</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Sergentomyia (Neophlebotomus) chattiensis n. sp.: morphological and molecular description of a new sand fly species from Himachal Pradesh, India]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Harish Kumar Shah</author><author>P. A. Fathima</author><author>Manju Rahi</author><author>Prasanta Saini</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionHimachal Pradesh, an ecologically diverse state in northern India, has recently emerged as a focus of atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis. As part of a molecular xenomonitoring, systematic entomological surveillance of sand flies resulted in the reporting of a novel species, Sergentomyia (Neophlebotomus) chattiensis n. sp. (Diptera: Psychodidae), from Chatti village in Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh, India.MethodsA systematic cross-sectional entomological survey was carried out in the districts of Kinnaur, Kullu, Shimla, and Mandi during August 2022, employing standard sand-fly collection techniques. Molecular characterization was performed using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene-based DNA barcoding, followed by phylogenetic analysis of the generated sequences.ResultsThe study reports Sergentomyia (Neo.) chattiensis as a newly recorded sand fly species and discusses its taxonomic association with other members of the subgenus Neophlebotomus. COI-based phylogenetic assessment confirmed that the collected specimens form a single taxonomic unit with negligible intraspecific genetic variation, while a genetic divergence of 12.3% from its closest congener supports its designation as a distinct species.DiscussionDespite its diverse physiography, rich biodiversity, and ecological suitability for sand fly breeding, Himachal Pradesh has lacked systematic entomological surveillance. The present study contributes to bridging this gap by expanding the existing knowledge of sand fly fauna in the state and providing comprehensive morphological and molecular characterization of this newly described species.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1778418</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1778418</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Phylogenetic insights into the diversification of cutting strategies in leaf-cutting ants]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Andrés F. Sánchez–Restrepo</author><author>Viviana A. Confalonieri</author><author>Luis A. Calcaterra</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Leaf-cutting ants are dominant herbivores in Neotropical ecosystems, yet the evolutionary origins of their cutting preferences remains unresolved. We investigated whether grass-cutting specialization emerged from a single evolutionary innovation or multiple independent origins. We compiled the predominant cutting behavior of each leaf-cutting ant species and classified them as dicot, grass, or grass–dicot cutters. Integrating these data into a time-calibrated phylogenetic framework allowed us to reconstruct the evolutionary history and diversification of leaf-cutting behavior in these ants. Divergence-time analyses date the origin of leaf-cutting ants to the early Miocene, major crown clades diversified during the late Miocene to early Pliocene, a period of increasing climatic seasonality and landscape openness in South America. The evolutionary history of these ants is strongly influenced by large-scale climatic and geological processes, as evidenced by their origin and major diversification events in close association with Miocene–Pliocene environmental changes. Phylogenetic analyses clarify the contrasting diversification dynamics of Acromyrmex, Amoimyrmex and Atta. Acromyrmex traces back to ~15 Ma and is structured into at least four major clades, with a distinct grass cutting clade. In contrast, Atta is a younger lineage characterized by rapid diversification during the Pliocene. Amoimyrmex occupies an early diverging position, indicating an independent origin of grass cutting within the group. Ancestral state reconstructions consistently indicate that dicot cutting is the ancestral condition, with grass and mixed dicot–grass cutting evolving independently multiple times. These repeated transitions coincide with the temporal expansion of open, grass-dominated habitats and likely reflect adaptive responses to new ecological opportunities. The convergent evolution of grass-cutting strategies, despite the mechanical and ecological challenges posed by silica-rich grasses, suggests that cutting preferences are evolutionarily flexible yet functionally constrained traits. Together, our results suggest that grass-cutting is not phylogenetically conserved, but rather represents a recurring adaptive response to environmental change. This highlights how major landscape transformations during the Miocene–Pliocene period promoted repeated ecological innovation in socially complex herbivores.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1787016</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1787016</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of essential oils on foulbrood bacteria and honey bee workers (Apis mellifera) under laboratory conditions]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Cinzia Marianelli</author><author>Laura Narciso</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionAmerican and European foulbrood diseases (AFB and EFB, respectively) result in considerable economic losses for beekeepers. Currently, no satisfactory methods are available for the treatment of either disease. There has been a recent surge of interest in the use of natural substances, such as essential oils (EOs), as a means of combating infections in apiaries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of a number of EOs against the causative agents of AFB and EFB, namely Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius, respectively, and their safety towards bees.MethodsThe antimicrobial activity of 18 EOs was initially assessed in vitro against the two foulbrood bacteria by the spot-on-agar test, where the EOs were deposited directly onto the agar surface. The EOs demonstrating the most significant antimicrobial activity against one or both of the bacterial pathogens were then selected for further assessment of their toxicity towards the foulbrood bacteria by the resuzurin-based microdilution method and towards adult bees using the vapor exposure bioassay at one and three hours.ResultsThe study revealed that oregano, juniper, sage, thyme, cinnamon, cumin, clove and black pepper were the most effective against the foulbrood bacteria. The results of the exposure bioassays demonstrated that bees exposed to those EOs exhibited greater tolerance to the vapor of cinnamon and oregano after one hour of exposure than the other EOs. As the duration of exposure increased to a period of three hours, an escalation in toxicity was observed.DiscussionThe preliminary findings of the present study suggest EOs as potential candidates for the development of new natural antimicrobial treatments against foulbrood diseases. However, further in vitro larval bioassays and field trials are needed to validate their clinical effectiveness and safety.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1770055</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1770055</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Enhancing the delivery and stability of lipid nanoparticle–dsRNA formulations in the RNAi-recalcitrant fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Marcel Kaarow</author><author>Leonie Graser</author><author>Eileen Knorr</author><author>Anton Windfelder</author><author>Pascal Geisler</author><author>Frank Steiniger</author><author>Markus Oberpaul</author><author>Andreas Vilcinskas</author><author>Christoph Hellmann</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) is an invasive lepidopteran pest of staple crops. Its broad host range, ability to spread rapidly, and increasing resistance to pesticides pose a major threat to global food security. RNA interference (RNAi) offers a sustainable and targeted alternative to broad-spectrum chemical pesticides, but its efficacy is limited in lepidopterans primarily by the rapid degradation of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the midgut and poor epithelial uptake. Here, we investigated lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as a delivery strategy to enhance dsRNA stability and uptake in FAW larvae. LNP–dsRNA complexes (40–50 nm, +39 to +56 mV) were generated by the microfluidic mixing of a ternary lipid blend. Encapsulation protected dsRNA from degradation by gut enzyme extracts for up to 1 h, even under highly alkaline conditions (pH 11.5). The analysis of larvae exposed to Cy3-labeled dsRNA by fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that LNPs improved internal distribution beyond the gut lumen, whereas unformulated dsRNA mainly accumulated at the peritrophic membrane. These results indicate that LNPs resist the gut environment and overcome limited systemic uptake, the two major physiological barriers to RNAi in lepidopterans, enabling the more efficient delivery of dsRNA. This study establishes a lipid nanoparticle-based dsRNA delivery platform that overcomes key physiological barriers in FAW, providing a prerequisite for future in vivo gene knockdown and efficacy studies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1772436</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1772436</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Proteomic analysis of dimorphic sperm in the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-25T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Melissa Plakke</author><author>Katherine McLaughlin</author><author>Timothy L. Karr</author><author>James R. Walters</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Sperm dimorphism, the production of two distinct sperm morphs by a single male, is a widespread but enigmatic reproductive phenomenon. In Lepidoptera, fertilizing eupyrene sperm coexist with anucleate apyrene sperm, which cannot fertilize eggs but are nevertheless required for successful reproduction. Despite the prevalence and presumed adaptive significance of sperm dimorphism, the molecular basis of this trait remains limited. Here, we characterize the proteome of dimorphic sperm in the Cabbage White butterfly, Pieris rapae, an emerging model for sexual selection and postcopulatory interactions. Using high-resolution, label-free mass spectrometry, we identified more than 1,600 proteins, nearly doubling the number of proteins previously reported for other lepidopteran species. Differential abundance analyses revealed eupyrene sperm were enriched for proteins linked to ion transport and vacuolar acidification, while apyrene sperm were enriched for mitochondrial and respiratory functions. Unexpectedly, comparative homology analyses with two other Lepidoptera, Danaus plexippus and Manduca sexta, showed P. rapae shared more homologous sperm proteins with M. sexta than with the more closely related D. plexippus, highlighting complex evolutionary dynamics of sperm proteomes. Together, these findings expand our understanding of sperm function and diversity in Lepidoptera, highlight the distinct roles of eupyrene and apyrene sperm, and provide a foundation for future studies of sperm evolution, sexual selection, and reproductive protein function.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1678964</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1678964</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Preventing spread of the invasive spotted lanternfly via texture-based automated egg detection]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Karla Negrete</author><author>Rhys Butler</author><author>Emily Wallis</author><author>Emily Magnani</author><author>Melissa Benzinger Mcglynn</author><author>Matthew McDonald</author><author>Nicolas J. Alvarez</author><author>Maureen Tang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The invasive spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) threatens U.S. agriculture, particularly grape and tree fruit production. Early detection of egg masses is critical for limiting spread, yet current surveillance relies heavily on manual inspection, which is labor-intensive and difficult to scale. The lanternfly spreads primarily through human-assisted transport pathways, including trains, trucks, and freight infrastructure, enabling long-distance dispersal of egg masses. Here, we present a proof-of-concept automated image classification pipeline for SLF egg mass detection based exclusively on spatial texture features. Using a curated laboratory image dataset and descriptors including Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), GLDS (Gray Level Difference Statistics), and Hu and Zernike moments, we implemented a feature filtering and selection strategy to construct an interpretable, low-dimensional model. The final image-level screening classifier, a support vector machine with a radial basis function kernel trained on 12 selected features, achieved a mean Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.881 (SD 0.037) under 5-fold stratified cross-validation. Generalization performance was evaluated on a held-out test set using bootstrap resampling (1,000 iterations), yielding a mean MCC of 0.836 (SD 0.037; 95% CI: 0.761–0.904). This image-level proof-of-concept under controlled imaging demonstrates that low-cost, scalable, and interpretable texture-based computer vision approaches may provide reliable early detection of SLF egg masses, supporting human-in-the-loop surveillance efforts in high-risk transport corridors and improving cost and reliability over manual inspection workflows.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1666444</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1666444</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Sensitivity to cuticular hydrocarbons across the odorant receptor family in the Indian jumping ant, Harpegnathos saltator]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Røskva Tórhalsdóttir</author><author>Benjamin I. Morris</author><author>Aiden Masters</author><author>Bogdan Sieriebriennikov</author><author>Amatullah Tawawalla</author><author>Lydia F. Naughton</author><author>Deanna Cannizzaro</author><author>Jenna Longo</author><author>Kendall Ham</author><author>Bri Pomonis</author><author>Alex Lyford</author><author>Jocelyn G. Millar</author><author>Gregory M. Pask</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionEusocial insects rely on the olfactory detection of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) to mediate important social interactions, such as nestmate recognition and division of labor. In the ponerine ant Harpegnathos saltator, highly expanded odorant receptor (OR) families detect CHCs and mediate these eusocial behaviors at the molecular level. Previous studies have characterized H. saltator OR (HsOr) genes within the 9-exon and other large subfamilies, but it remains unclear how other HsOr subfamilies may contribute to CHC detection. MethodsUsing heterologous expression in Drosophila melanogaster olfactory neurons, we characterized HsOr sensitivity more broadly across the gene family, outside the 9-exon subfamily, to a panel of hydrocarbons (HC). Results and discussionTwenty-three HsOrs across sixteen subfamilies were screened, and several were found to be broadly tuned and weakly responsive to the HCs tested, except for HsOr152 which showed narrow tuning to a single HC found on the H. saltator cuticle. Lastly, we compiled and analyzed the HC responses from the 70 HsOrs from this and previous studies. This analysis suggests a combinatorial coding model of CHC detection, where several receptors across different subfamilies can contribute to the detection and discrimination of different CHCs. Our characterization of HsOrs provides functional insights into the molecular mechanisms of chemical communication among eusocial insects.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1789891</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1789891</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) associated with fruit orchards in the province of Luya, Amazonas, Peru]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-18T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Enistein Reyna-Rivera</author><author>Vilma Aguilar-Rafael</author><author>Wagner Meza-Maicelo</author><author>Henry W. Santillan-Culquimboz</author><author>Duber Banda-Martinez</author><author>Luis Cubas-Vasquez</author><author>Santos Leiva-Espinoza</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In the province of Luya, the presence of fruit flies (Tephritidae) in fruit orchards causes significant losses to the family economy. This study aimed to identify, using morphological and molecular methods, the Tephritidae species associated with fruit hosts and to evaluate host preference. Fruits were collected from orchards at different geographic points in the province of Luya; these fruits were transferred to the laboratory under controlled conditions and placed in plastic containers on sterilized soil to favor pupation. When adults emerged, they were fed with sucrose. For morphological identification, adult females were used and pictorial keys were employed, while for molecular analysis, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (Cox1) region was amplified using the primers LCO1490/HCO2198 and LepF1/LepR1. After identification, fruit fly preference for specific fruit species was evaluated by associating the identified species with the fruits from which they emerged. Nine fruit fly species were identified, corresponding to eight species of the genus Anastrepha (Anastrepha fraterculus, A. obliqua, A. striata, A. distincta, A. grandis, A. ornata, A. leptozona, and A. nolazcoae) and one species of the genus Ceratitis (Ceratitis capitata), associated with 19 hosts from 11 botanical families. The fruits with the highest preference were Psidium guajava and Campomanesia liniatifolia. These results highlight the richness of Tephritidae in the province of Luya and represent the first records of these nine species for the Amazonas region, expanding their geographical distribution in Peru, emphasizing the utility of integrative approaches for reliable taxonomic identification.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1716183</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1716183</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Morphometric and molecular insights into Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) (Diptera: Tephritidae) infestation on Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. (Indian Jujube)]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Kavin Palanivelu</author><author>Usharani Balakrishnan</author><author>Kamala Jayanthi Pagadala Damodharam</author><author>Suresh Krishnasamy</author><author>Sandeep Singh</author><author>Arul Dhayalan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an oriental fruit fly, commonly infesting fruit crops, especially Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) and other fruit crops in India. This study combined morphometric and molecular approaches to evaluate population variability. Eggs were creamy white, elliptical, and measured length and width of 1.30 and 0.23 mm. Mature maggots attained 7.87 and 1.94 mm, while pupae averaged 4.91 and 1.90 mm. Adults exhibited clear sexual  dimorphism, with females larger (body length 6.87 mm; wing expanse 12.48 mm) than males (body length 5.74 mm; wing expanse 10.48 mm). Principal component analysis indicated that male traits such as body length and maggot size loaded strongly on the first component, while female wing and thoracic traits contributed predominantly to the second component, cumulatively explaining over 100% of the variation. Molecular characterization using COI gene sequences revealed phylogenetic clustering patterns that were consistent with the morphometric differentiation observed among populations and indicated close phylogenetic proximity of Indian populations to B. invadens and B. kandiensis. The integration of morphometric and molecular datasets thus provides a reliable framework for distinguishing populations of B. dorsalis, which is essential for accurate diagnostics, monitoring, and region-specific management strategies.]]></description>
      </item>
      </channel>
    </rss>