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        <title>Frontiers in Insect Science | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/insect-science</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Insect Science | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-08-14T17:47:39.933+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1896449</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1896449</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Traits analysis of an aphid-killing Pantoea agglomerans strain for use in biological control]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Alisa Hamidović</author><author>Nell Ghisdal</author><author>Linda Dhondt</author><author>Inès Pons</author><author>Thomas Dagbert</author><author>Mey Jerbi</author><author>Jérôme Ambroise</author><author>Bertrand Bearzatto</author><author>Jean-Luc Gala</author><author>Thierry Hance</author><author>François Renoz</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionIn crop pest control, microbial bioinsecticides are considered promising for overcoming the critical limitations of traditional chemical pesticides regarding environmental and health impact. In this study, we report a strain of Pantoea agglomerans (ELIV) lethal to black bean aphid Aphis fabae: we investigated the effects of this bacterium on aphids and host plants to test its potential as a natural insecticide. Methods and ResultsWe found that the entomopathogenic properties of P. agglomerans ELIV occur only through ingestion via oral infection assays, with no pathogenicity by contact observed via spraying tests. The bacterium does not appear to circulate within the plant after watering, remaining at the root level and having only slight effects on tested plant growth parameters. Genome analysis of P. agglomerans ELIV reveals its richness in genes encoding virulence factors, particularly iron-chelating siderophores, possibly explaining its ability to rapidly kill infected insects. DiscussionOverall, our results present the strengths and limitations of the species P. agglomerans for the development of new bioinsecticides. Although the use of P. agglomerans may be of limited interest for controlling piercing-sucking insects as they feed internally, it may be relevant against chewing insect pests, e.g. lepidopteran caterpillars and beetles.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1869625</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1869625</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Targeting elongation factor 2 in Anopheles gambiae: molecular insights and implications for malaria vector control]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Adebanke E. Ogundipe</author><author>Fabrice B. Kernyuy</author><author>Titilope M. Dokunmu</author><author>Emeka E. Iweala</author><author>Olubanke O. Ogunlana</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Malaria remains one of the most devastating infectious diseases globally, with Anopheles gambiae serving as the principal vector across sub-Saharan Africa. The effectiveness of traditional vector control methods is currently under threat due to the rapid rise of pesticide resistance, which calls for the discovery of new molecular targets. The GTP-dependent GTPase known as Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 (EF-2; encoded by AGAP009441 in An. gambiae) is essential for cellular viability because it catalyzes the translocation stage of ribosomal protein production. EF-2 was identified as an important gene in An. gambiae by machine learning-based computational screening, and RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown experimentally verified that EF-2 silencing dramatically shortens mosquito longevity (p < 0.0001). Despite the fact that EF-2 and its human homolog share about 79% of the same protein sequence, species-specific structural characteristics may provide opportunities for selective targeting. Additionally, a comparative dN/dS analysis was carried out on EF-2 across Anopheles species using the HyPhy Datamonkey platform. The dN/dS results revealed high evolutionary conservation (ω = 0.0198) and are consistent with purifying selection, but not with positive selection. The current understanding of EF-2 biology, its validation as a vector control target, suitable intervention modalities like RNA interference and small-molecule inhibition, and the major issues of selectivity, delivery, and ecological safety that need to be resolved prior to translational application are all summarized in this review. EF-2 is a promising but understudied contender whose complete potential in integrated malaria vector control necessitates immediate and ongoing research.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1916560</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1916560</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Cooling rate affects supercooling points of overwintering spotted lanternfly eggs]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Clarissa Dahl</author><author>Angie Ambourn</author><author>Robert C. Venette</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White) is a planthopper (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) that is native to China and invasive elsewhere in Asia and North America. The insect feeds on several plants and is an emerging pest of apples, grapes, walnuts, and other hardwoods. Forecasts of the ultimate geographic distribution for L. delicatula in Asia and North America, particularly its northern latitudinal limits, are uncertain because of limited information about the cold tolerance of this insect. Cooling rate can affect supercooling point, the temperature at which bodily fluids begin to freeze and a common reference point for insect cold tolerance studies. This study measures changes in supercooling point of overwintering L. delicatula eggs in response to different cooling rates. Overwintering egg masses were collected from two field locations in Virginia, USA in November and December 2024. Supercooling points of individual eggs were measured with contact thermocouple thermometry at cooling rates of 0.033, 0.5, and 1 °C/min. The distribution of supercooling points changed with different cooling rates and were negatively related to the cooling rate. At a cooling rate of 0.033 °C/min, SCPs ranged from -28.4 to -22.9 °C and, at 1 °C/min, from -29.2 to -24.7 °C. If supercooling points reflect lethal temperatures for L. delicatula, relatively rapid cooling may slightly overestimate the cold tolerance of the insect and inflate the estimated geographic area where overwintering might be successful. Such risk-averse forecasts may be useful for biosecurity efforts.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1869943</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1869943</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Characterization and typology of beekeeping systems: a case study in the district of Tamburco, Apurímac, Peru]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Alex Ñahui-Sayago</author><author>Delmer Zea Gonzales</author><author>Rutniss Alecy Vasquez-Onzueta</author><author>Nilton César Gómez Urviola</author><author>José Américo Saucedo-Uriarte</author><author>Lizeth A. Heredia-Vilchez</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionBeekeeping in rural regions of Peru presents considerable heterogeneity in technification and productivity, which may limit its development. This study aimed to characterize beekeeping systems and identify producer typologies associated with productive characteristics in the district of Tamburco, Apurímac, Peru.MethodsA quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using a census sample of 34 active beekeepers. Data were collected through a structured and validated questionnaire. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, exploratory hierarchical cluster analysis, association tests, correlation analysis, and complementary multivariate analyses based on FAMD and HCPC.ResultsThe multivariate analyses identified distinct beekeeper typologies that differed in production scale, educational level, technification, and access to training. Significant associations were observed between cluster structure and several productive and sociodemographic variables, while beekeeping experience was positively associated with production scale.DiscussionOverall, the identified typologies were primarily associated with differences in production scale, technological level, and access to training. These findings may help guide extension and training strategies for beekeepers in Tamburco. Given the relatively small sample size and the cross-sectional design, the findings should be interpreted as exploratory and require validation in larger and geographically diverse populations.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1891174</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1891174</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Seasonal dynamics of honey bee pathogens and Varroa destructor infestation in South Korea: results from a National Active Surveillance Program]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jang-Hyeon Kim</author><author>Se-Ji Lee</author><author>Ji-Yeon Kim</author><author>Mi-Sun Yoo</author><author>So Youn Youn</author><author>Yun Sang Cho</author><author>Hyang-Sim Lee</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Honey bee colony losses are an increasing global concern, yet nationwide pathogen-resolved surveillance data integrating molecular diagnostics with field-based mite monitoring remain limited. This study presents the first national active surveillance program for honey bee diseases in South Korea, combining standardized field inspections with RT-qPCR-based pathogen detection. A total of 1,715 samples were collected from 107 apiaries during three seasonal surveillance rounds in 2025: Round 1 (post-overwintering; March–May), Round 2 (post-honey-harvest; July–August), and Round 3 (pre-overwintering; October–November). Both Apis mellifera and Apis cerana colonies were included in the analysis. Fourteen target honey bee pathogens were screened using RT-qPCR assays (Ct ≤ 35), and Varroa destructor infestation status in A. mellifera apiaries was evaluated through brood inspection or powdered-sugar roll testing depending on seasonal field conditions. DWV prevalence increased progressively from 70.1% in Round 1 (post-overwintering) to 90.4% in Round 2 (post-honey-harvest) and 97.0% in Round 3 (pre-overwintering), coinciding with increasing Varroa detection in A. mellifera apiaries (28.1%, 85.4%, and 87.9%, respectively). Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) also increased progressively across the three surveillance rounds (18.3%, 40.1%, and 47.7%). In contrast, black queen cell virus (BQCV), sacbrood virus (SBV), Vairimorpha spp. (formerly Nosema spp.), and chalkbrood showed declining trends toward autumn. Co-infection patterns shifted seasonally. Although the mean number of detected pathogens per sample decreased from 2.76 to 2.02, co-detection of DWV and IAPV increased markedly from 15.3% to 47.0%. In A. cerana apiaries, SBV remained highly prevalent throughout the surveillance rounds. These findings indicate that the late-season expansion of the Varroa–DWV–IAPV complex represents a major epidemiological feature of Korean apiculture and coincides with the critical period of winter-bee production. This nationwide surveillance framework provides an evidence-based foundation for seasonal honey bee disease management and optimized timing of Varroa control interventions in temperate apicultural systems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1869174</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1869174</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Potential for gene silencing by piwi-interacting RNA in three lepidopterans]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Santosh Poudel</author><author>Kevin Quito</author><author>Mosharrof Mondal</author><author>Kiran Nawaz</author><author>William Benjamin Walker</author><author>Alex Sutton Flynt</author>
        <description><![CDATA[RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a promising strategy for insect pest control, yet its application in lepidopterans is hindered by insensitivity to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Here, we investigate the piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway as an alternative, mechanistically distinct gene silencing system in Spodoptera frugiperda, Plutella xylostella, and Cydia pomonella. Small RNA profiling revealed that piRNAs (26–30nt) are the predominant class across all species, marked by strong ping-pong signatures and extensive genomic distribution. Notably, abundant somatic expression, including in gut tissues, indicates that ubiquitous, endogenous piRNA populations may be able to initiate processing of exogenous RNA substrates. To test this possibility, synthetic piRNA-trigger constructs were found to induce gene silencing in Sf9 cells. Further, this approach to gene silencing offers opportunities for nucleic acid engineering, which we demonstrate by incorporating G-quadruplex structures that can enhance RNA stability. Together, these findings establish piRNAs as the dominant small RNA pathway in these lepidopterans and provide a mechanistic and design framework for next-generation RNA-based biopesticides.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1856335</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1856335</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Checklist of edible insects and their marketability: improving rural livelihood in Imo State, Nigeria via insect consumption and marketing]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>John I. Iwunze</author><author>Bertram E. B. Nwoke</author><author>Micheal O. Nwachukwu</author><author>Venatius C. S. Ubah</author><author>Gerald M. Ugagu</author><author>Nnedinma N. Nnodim</author><author>Murphy C. Nwoke</author><author>Ozioma P. Ugwuegbulam</author><author>Chizoba Chidera Amaechi</author><author>Onyinyechi C. Ndubueze</author><author>Samuel M. Dadi</author><author>Kelechi K. Okwara</author><author>Gospel U. Nzewuihe</author><author>Udoaku C. Egbe</author><author>Williams Nongu</author><author>Onyinyechi G. John</author><author>Goodluck E. Alisi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThe consumption of edible insects (EIs) as food has been a long tradition for some populations worldwide. They are sold in markets found in the rural and urban areas of Imo State, Nigeria. Data on the economic value, marketing, and utilization of EIs are limited, particularly in Southeast Nigeria where the study was conducted. This study is necessary for the provision of data on effective marketing and utilization of EIs in order to determine their sustainability in relation to the current market system.MethodsThis study investigated the marketability of some EIs as a means of improving rural livelihood in Imo State, Nigeria. Data were collected using structured and validated questionnaires administered interpersonally to 60 respondents/EI marketers in the selected markets. Descriptive and inferential methods were employed in data analysis.ResultsThe study revealed that four species of EIs were sold: Macrotermes species (35.0%), Gonimbrasia belina (30.0%), Rhynchophorus species (25.0%), and Anaphae species (10.0%), with more than one species sold by marketers (43.8%). EIs were primarily obtained from the wild (68.3%) and were sold mainly for consumption (91.7%); marketing is dominated by women (91.7%). The supply of insects is irregular and seasonality is a major constraint (51.7%). Macrotermes species (termites) had the highest significant mean quality per marketer (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in mean quality per marketer of G. belina, Rhynchophorus, and Anaphae species (p < 0.05).DiscussionThe study concluded that EI marketing is a promising venture that needs attention. Policy intervention that will facilitate mass production/domestication of EIs and modern technical skills on harvesting is recommended.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1883891</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1883891</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa (Hemiptera: Aphididae): ecology and implications for the integrated management of banana bunchy top disease]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Geofrey Ogwal</author><author>Walter Ocimati</author><author>Elizabeth Kearsley</author><author>Guy Blomme</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionBanana bunchy top disease (BBTD), caused by the banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), poses a growing threat to banana production in Africa and is spread locally by the banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa. Effective BBTD management requires better understanding of aphid habitat, dispersal, response to farm operations, and practical aphid vector and disease control options.MethodsThis study integrated field assessments, field experiments, and a laboratory trial in Uganda to characterize aphid ecology and refine integrated pest and disease management.ResultsAphids were highly cryptic, occurring mainly between leaf sheaths and on lower and middle pseudostem sections. Though winged aphids were mostly associated with larger aphid colonies they occurred across all colony sizes, indicating that even small colonies may contribute to BBTV spread. Sticky traps showed winged aphids to actively disperse throughout fields, with flights often extending beyond adjacent mats. Mechanical disturbance, simulating farm activities such as de-trashing and roguing, strongly increased movement of both winged and wingless aphids and occasionally flight, which could potentially increase BBTV transmission risk in case aphids are viruliferous. Aphids persisted on cut and disposed pseudostem pieces, especially under shaded conditions, but not on corms. In laboratory assays, aphids preferred leaf tissue, although field colonies were mainly pseudostem-associated. Spraying with a 1% laundry soap solution rapidly reduced both winged and wingless aphid populations within 30 minutes to two hours, with populations remaining low for up to two weeks on de-trashed plants.DiscussionThese findings show that BBTD management should target hidden pseudostem colonies, minimize aphid dispersal during plant disturbance, apply soap spray before or immediately after de-trashing infected plants or infected mat removal, and rapidly bury infected pseudostems and leaves while drying corm pieces separately. The study provides practical refinements for smallholder-oriented BBTD integrated management.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1872725</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1872725</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Evaluation of CPP and LDH nanocarriers for dsRNA efficiency in Brassicogethes aeneus]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Triin Kallavus</author><author>Ly Porosk</author><author>Liina Soonvald</author><author>Apurva Vikas Sabnis</author><author>Silva Vilumets</author><author>Riina Kaasik</author><author>Jonathan Willow</author><author>Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning</author><author>Kristof De Schutter</author><author>Margus Pooga</author><author>Eve Veromann</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study evaluates two nanocarrier systems, clay-based magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (MgAl-LDH) and the cell-penetrating peptide PepFect14 (PF14), for delivering double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting the αCOP gene in Brassicogethes aeneus. Both carriers successfully formed stable complexes and protected dsRNA from degradation under simulated gut conditions. PF14 produced small, uniform nanoparticles (<120 nm), whereas MgAl-LDH generated substantially larger particles (~416 nm), potentially limiting cellular uptake. Feeding assays revealed that naked dsRNA caused high mortality (93% by day 12), while PF14-complexed dsRNA induced substantial mortality (70%) with a delayed onset. In contrast, MgAl-LDH-complexed dsRNA achieved only 22% mortality despite providing strong protection against degradation. mRNA expression analysis at day 3 and 6 showed moderate, statistically insignificant early αCOP downregulation, consistent with delayed intracellular processing. At higher concentrations (600 ng/µL), naked dsRNA strongly suppressed αCOP transcripts (100%), whereas MgAl-LDH complexes produced only modest knockdown (63.6%). Overall, these findings suggest that while MgAl-LDH offer robust dsRNA stabilization, its delivery efficiency may be constrained by particle size and gut physiology. PF14 demonstrates promise as a carrier enabling sustained delivery with delayed onset, whereas MgAl-LDH requires higher dsRNA doses to achieve comparable effects. Carrier selection should balance dsRNA stability with timely release and account for species-specific gut barriers to optimize RNAi-based pest control strategies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1862257</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1862257</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Expression and RNAi characterization of neuropeptides underlying developmental regulation in the Colorado potato beetle]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Emma E. Terris</author><author>Sophie M. Verkoulen</author><author>Russell L. Groves</author><author>Steven Moen</author><author>Sean D. Schoville</author><author>Morgan Weissner</author><author>Umut Toprak</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Neuropeptides are evolutionarily ancient signaling molecules that act through diverse G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways to coordinate essential physiological and behavioral processes in insects. Despite their broad functional importance, the specific roles, receptor interactions, and regulatory mechanisms of individual neuropeptides remain underexplored, limiting our understanding of how these signaling systems operate across developmental and physiological contexts. In this study, we characterized transcript expression of five functionally diverse neuropeptides and one GPCR across Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle) tissues and life stages and subsequently knocked down the glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 (GPA2) and its cognate receptor with glycoprotein hormone subunit beta 5 (GPB5), leucine-rich repeat-containing GPCR 1 (LGR1), for phenotypic investigation. Expression analyses revealed broad and tissue-specific variation among neuropeptides across developmental stages. No significant patterns in mortality, larval weight, or defoliation were detected following dsRNA-mediated knockdown of GPA2 or LGR1 via injection, though in the feeding trial third instar larvae given LGR1 dsRNA weighed significantly more and showed reduced defoliation rates compared the control. State-transition modeling identified significant effects of GPA2 and LGR1 knockdown on developmental timing, specifically during pupal-adult and larval-pupal-adult transitions, respectively, with time in life stage emerging as a key predictor of overall survival. These findings suggest a potential hormonal role for the GPA2-LGR1 signaling system in regulating developmental progression and stabilizing life-stage transitions in L. decemlineata.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1897268</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1897268</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Molecular monitoring and multiplex qPCR-based detection of Cydia pomonella and Grapholita molesta in apple orchards of Kazakhstan]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Alibek Makhambetov</author><author>Valeriya Kostyukova</author><author>Bakyt Dulat</author><author>Zarina Dairbekova</author><author>Gulnur Zholdasbek</author><author>Kairova Gulshariya</author><author>Marina Khusnitdinova</author><author>Abay Sagitov</author><author>Dilyara Gritsenko</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionApple production in Kazakhstan is highly vulnerable to damage caused by fruit-infesting tortricid pests, particularly codling moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Accurate and rapid species identification is essential for effective pest management and phytosanitary monitoring in apple orchards.MethodsField surveys were conducted in apple orchards of southern and southeastern Kazakhstan to investigate the codling moth complex. Collected specimens were identified morphologically and confirmed by sequencing a mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region. Comparative COI sequence analysis was used to develop a multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay employing Minor Groove Binder hydrolysis probes for simultaneous detection and differentiation of Cydia pomonella and Grapholita molesta.ResultsField surveys identified C. pomonella and G. molesta, with C. pomonella accounting for 83.3% of collected specimens. COI sequencing enabled reliable discrimination between the two species. The multiplex assay demonstrated high specificity, produced no false-positive amplification in non-target species, and achieved 100% detection down to 5 pg DNA per reaction.DiscussionThe developed COI-based multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay provides a rapid, sensitive, and reliable tool for simultaneous identification of C. pomonella and G. molesta. It is suitable for phytosanitary monitoring, early detection, and management of quarantine-relevant tortricid pests in Kazakhstan.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1920906</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1920906</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Seasonal dynamics of the gut microbiota in Apis mellifera ligustica: a two-year longitudinal study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Massimo Iorizzo</author><author>Gianfranco Pannella</author><author>Mariantonietta Succi</author><author>Sonia Ganassi</author><author>Dalila Di Criscio</author><author>Cosimo Tedino</author><author>Gianluca Albanese</author><author>Antonio De Cristofaro</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The honey bee gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host nutrition, immunity, and colony health, yet the relative influence of seasonal and colony-specific factors on its long-term dynamics remains incompletely understood. This study investigated temporal variation in the gut bacterial community of three Apis mellifera ligustica colonies maintained in the same apiary and monitored over two consecutive years (2022–2023). Worker bees were sampled during eight seasonal periods, and gut microbiota composition was characterized using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Across all sampling periods, the microbiome was consistently dominated by the characteristic honey bee-associated genera Gilliamella, Snodgrassella, Bartonella, Frischella, Commensalibacter, and Lactobacillus, indicating the persistence of a conserved core bacterial community. Seasonal variation was primarily associated with changes in the relative abundance of dominant taxa rather than with major changes in community composition. In particular, Gilliamella apicola and Snodgrassella alvi exhibited complementary seasonal patterns, with Gilliamella reaching its highest abundance during autumn, particularly in autumn 2023, whereas Snodgrassella predominated during spring and winter. Alpha-diversity metrics (Observed OTUs, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices) showed limited seasonal variation, whereas beta-diversity analyses detected significant differences in community composition among seasons. Principal Coordinates Analysis and PERMANOVA identified season as the factor most strongly associated with microbiome variation, while colony identity did not significantly influence bacterial community composition under the standardized experimental conditions adopted in this study. Overall, these findings show that the gut microbiome of A. mellifera ligustica maintains a conserved core bacterial community while exhibiting reproducible seasonal variation in the relative abundance of its dominant members. This study provides a longitudinal baseline for future investigations aimed at understanding the ecological mechanisms underlying seasonal microbiome dynamics and their relationship with honey bee biology and environmental change.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1833553</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1833553</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Botanical defence: medicinal plants as botanical insecticides against Locustana pardalina Walker (Orthoptera: Acrididae)]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Afika-Amazizi N. Mbuyiswa</author><author>Hlalanathi Y. Gwanya</author><author>Ompelege J. Phokwe</author><author>Nomagugu Gxaba</author><author>Madira C. Manganyi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundFood crop infestations caused by the insect pest Locustana pardalina threaten global food security, particularly in developing regions. This pest can devastate entire crops, exacerbating malnutrition and economic instability. Traditionally, L. pardalina outbreaks have been managed using synthetic chemical insecticides, which, while effective, pose significant environmental risks by harming nontarget species and contaminating ecosystems. Given these concerns, there is an increasing demand for environmentally friendly alternatives. Medicinal plant extracts, known for their biodegradability, cost-effectiveness, and active metabolites, offer promising solutions.MethodA systematic literature search was conducted across Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink using keywords related to Locustana pardalina, food security, outbreaks, botanical insecticides, metabolites, and pest management. The search (1988–2024) conducted used predefined eligibility criteria and identified 120 relevant studies on the biological control of various insects spanning approximately five to eight crop systems.ResultsThese plant-based insecticides have demonstrated the ability to repel various insect pests, including L. pardalina, and could provide an effective method for controlling locust swarms while mitigating the harmful effects of chemical pesticides. This review discusses the potential of medicinal plant extracts as sustainable alternatives for managing L. pardalina infestations, highlighting the active compounds that show promise in pest control and their benefits over conventional chemical insecticides.ConclusionIn conclusion, medicinal plant extracts represent a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides for managing Locustana pardalina infestations. Their biodegradability, cost-effectiveness, and bioactive metabolites offer effective pest control while minimising ecological harm, highlighting their potential to support food security and reduce the negative impacts associated with chemical pesticides.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1900075</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1900075</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of climate change and human activities on the habitat suitability of Zeugodacus tau (Walker, 1849) in China: perspectives from ensemble modelling and niche analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Zhangzhang He</author><author>Xinyue Chen</author><author>Tianzi Xia</author><author>Yongyue Li</author><author>Xiuqin Huang</author><author>Wenting Xiong</author><author>Yanan Gong</author><author>Xinxin Liao</author><author>Zhixiong Zhou</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Climate change and human activities are significantly affecting the potential distribution pattern of pests, and the study of the spreading trend of the quarantine pest Zeugodacus tau (Walker, 1849) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China is important for the development of scientific and effective prevention and control strategies. In this study, we applied ensemble modelling and niche analysis to assess changes in the suitable distribution area of Z. tau under different climate scenarios in China at current and in the future. The results indicated that Z. tau was mainly distributed in central and southern China in the current period, and climate change might promote the expansion of its suitable habitat. Meanwhile, the cumulative variance explained for both the current and future periods exceeded 92%. Additionally, Schoener’s D values ranged from 0.46 to 0.57 and Hellinger’s distance (I) values ranged from 0.62 to 0.70, suggesting moderate overlap of ecological niches of Z. tau under future climate scenarios. This study provides an important basis for the prediction and assessment of Z. tau dispersal risk in the context of climate change, as well as theoretical support for pest monitoring and control decision-making, which is of positive significance for the promotion of sustainable development of agriculture and forestry.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1872741</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1872741</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Trehalose metabolism: an integrative hub linking energy homeostasis and development in insects]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Sharada D. Mohite</author><author>Rakesh S. Joshi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Trehalose metabolism in insects represents an evolutionarily conserved metabolic hub regulated by endocrine pathways that couple energy balance to the successful execution and robustness of developmental transition. As the principal circulating sugar in insects, trehalose exhibits unique physicochemical properties that confer both metabolic efficiency and resilience to environmental stress, positioning it as a central currency in insect physiology. Emerging evidence reveals that trehalose metabolism operates as a dynamic interface linking endocrine signaling, nutrient sensing, and developmental transitions. Through coordinated interactions with regulatory hormonal systems such as adipokinetic hormone, insulin-like peptides, juvenile hormone, and ecdysteroids, trehalose metabolism is closely linked to nutrient-sensing pathways, including AMPK, TOR, and FoxO, that collectively shape growth, metamorphosis, and stress tolerance. Perturbations in trehalose metabolic enzymes consistently disrupt developmental homeostasis, leading to defects in molting, reproduction, and survival. Overall, these findings support the view that trehalose is a key energy substrate that plausibly integrates endocrine regulation, nutrient status, and developmental transitions. Emerging evidence suggests that trehalose metabolism may contribute to the metabolic conditions influencing life-history transitions, although further mechanistic studies are needed to establish its signaling functions. By synthesizing recent advances across molecular, physiological, and ecological scales, this review highlights trehalose metabolism as a critical nexus in insect developmental biology and a promising, yet underexploited, target for next-generation pest management strategies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1901258</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1901258</link>
        <title><![CDATA[European agricultural pest management practices following the Green Deal – gaps and challenges]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Adalbert Balog</author><author>Hugh D. Loxdale</author><author>Artúr Botond Csorba</author><author>Sándor Keszthelyi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The European Green Deal, the main aim of which is to substantially change the agricultural production systems through the Farm to Fork (F2F) Strategy, has caused the most significant reconsideration of pest management in the European Union (EU) in a generation. Since 2020, several regulatory and policy measures have affected pest management decisions, including revised risk assessment procedures for plant protection products, restrictions on certain emergency derogations, updated rules facilitating microbial biological control agents, and the integration of IPM (Integrated Pest Management)-related measures into the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) eco-schemes. At the same time, implementation has been challenging. The proposed Sustainable Use Regulation (SUR), which aimed to introduce binding pesticide reduction targets and additional restrictions in sensitive areas, was withdrawn in 2024 following political disagreement within the EU Commission and concerns regarding implementation feasibility. As a result, pesticide governance remains primarily based on the Sustainable Use Directive (SUD), national action plans, and CAP-supported measures. This mini review synthesizes the post Green Deal policy timeline, identifies regulatory factors that directly affect farmers’ pest management choices, examines emerging quantitative trends, and discusses practical implications for industry, advisory systems, and growers. Particular attention is given to the opportunities and limitations of Harmonized Risk Indicators (HRIs) – notably their sales-based nature and limited capacity to reflect actual ecological exposure, alongside uneven IPM implementation among Member States and emerging climate-driven pest pressures.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1807673</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1807673</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Comparative metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota in Anacanthotermes turkestanicus and A. ahngerianus reveals diet- and habitat-driven functional divergence]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ulugbek Togaev</author><author>Vartika Mathur</author><author>Aziza Rakhmonkulova</author><author>Surbhi Agarwal</author><author>Aarav Mathur</author><author>Shuhrat Turageldiyev</author><author>Rasul Ruzmetov</author><author>Abboskhon S. Turaev</author><author>Zaitjan Tillyabaev</author><author>Alimjan Matchanov</author><author>David Sillam-Dussès</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The gut microbiome of termites plays a crucial role in lignocellulose degradation and nutrient recycling. This study presents the first metagenomic characterization of the gut microbiota in two lower termite species, Anacanthotermes ahngerianus and Anacanthotermes turkestanicus, collected from distinct ecological habitats. In Uzbekistan, the first lives in building a mound in nature in the West part while the second mainly lives in contact with human constructions in the East part without building a proper mound. Both species showed similar bacterial dominance (~53%) in their guts but A. ahngerianus exhibited higher overall microbial diversity (Shannon index: 4.046 vs. 3.363; Simpson’s index: 0.927 vs. 0.776). Moreover, both termite species showed differences in microbial profiles, including bacterial taxa and eukaryotic groups relevant to lower-termite gut symbiosis. Protist-associated eukaryotic reads were retained because flagellated protists are essential symbionts of lower termites, whereas unexpected non-protist eukaryotic assignments were interpreted cautiously and were not used as evidence of functional gut symbionts or host adaptation. Functional profiling revealed enrichment of pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid transport, and energy production in both species. However, A. turkestanicus exhibited stronger bacterial dominance associated with lignocellulose degradation and nitrogen cycling, while A. ahngerianus maintained a more balanced representation of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. These findings suggest that species identity and ecological habits may be associated with differences in gut microbiome structure and predicted functional potential.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1811490</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1811490</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Efficacy of repellents against fleas and ticks: a field trial on free roaming dogs in Mali, West Africa]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-06T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Amy Junnila</author><author>Edita E Revay</author><author>Mohamed Traore</author><author>Sekou F. Traore</author><author>Abdoul Habib Beavogui</author><author>Alexey M. Prozorov</author><author>Tatiana A. Prozorova</author><author>Julia S. Volkova</author><author>Aidas Saldaitis</author><author>Roman V. Yakovlev</author><author>Karen McKenzie</author><author>Rui-De Xue</author><author>Gunter C. Muller</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThis study evaluated the efficacy of repellent products in protecting free‑roaming dogs from flea and tick infestations in Mali, West Africa. The work included a comparative assessment of four commonly marketed collar‑type repelling devices—the ultrasonic collar (TICKLESS Mini Dog), the plastic botanical‑based collar (MEDIDOG Natürliches Zeckenhalsband), the ceramic‑bead collar with microbial coating (Bailey Bijoux), and the natural amber bead collar (PetLove Bernsteinkette)—alongside a biocidal SpotOn formulation (TGF X‑Line SpotOn) containing 9.9% Eucalyptus citriodora oil (H/C). These collar‑type products are widely promoted as non‑chemical alternatives but remain poorly supported by empirical evidence. Ultrasonic collars claim to emit high‑frequency sound waves intended to deter fleas and ticks, whereas ceramic, plastic, and amber collars rely on passive mechanisms such as surface charge, friction, or volatile compounds released from the materials. The SpotOn formulation, in contrast, functions through volatile plant compounds presumed to act on parasite chemoreceptors and reduce attachment without relying on insecticidal killing.MethodsThe evaluation was conducted in two parallel phases. The first trial focused on small dogs (3–6 kg) to allow sensitive comparison across all repellent products. All repellents were tested together, with 10 dogs in the SpotOn group, 6 dogs assigned to each collar‑type treatment, and 10 untreated dogs as controls over an 86‑day study period. A second trial assessed the SpotOn formulation across a broader range of body sizes to determine whether efficacy was maintained when applied at the recommended dose for heavier dogs. In this phase, 40 dogs—20 medium (6–15 kg) and 20 large (15–30 kg)—were enrolled and monitored for reinfestation over the same period.ResultsLaboratory assays confirmed that the SpotOn’s primary mode of action was repellency rather than insecticidal activity. Overall, the findings demonstrate that regular application of the SpotOn provides effective, long‑lasting protection against fleas and ticks under challenging field conditions, whereas none of the tested collar‑type products showed significant repellent effects.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1820222</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1820222</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Improving RNAi in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Anil Kumar Moola</author><author>Subba Reddy Palli</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The rising incidence of resistance to conventional chemical insecticides necessitates the development of novel, sustainable pest management strategies. RNA interference (RNAi) offers a highly specific alternative; however, its practical application in lepidopteran pests is often limited by low efficacy due to rapid dsRNA degradation, inefficient transport of dsRNA to the site of action, and suboptimal target gene selection. While nanoformulated dsRNA has been shown to improve RNAi efficiency, delivery enhancement alone does not consistently result in high mortality. In the current study, we used PLL/EGCG/dsRNA nanoformulations to improve RNAi-based control of S. frugiperda. We first validated the effectiveness of nanoparticle-mediated RNAi in S. frugiperda by targeting the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene. Nanoformulated dsRNA targeting IAP resulted in substantial gene silencing, with an 80% reduction in target gene mRNA levels and 63% larval mortality, confirming that improved dsRNA delivery can significantly enhance RNAi efficacy in lepidopterans. We extended our analysis to evaluate an additional 14 candidate genes selected from recent genome-wide RNAi screens that identified superior RNAi targets. Orthologs of these genes in S. frugiperda, including proteasome subunit β-type 4 (BT4) and 60S ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11), were targeted using PLL/EGCG/dsRNA nanoformulations. Although these genes induced moderate larval mortality, their effects were consistently lower than those observed with IAP, indicating that IAP remains a more effective RNAi target among the genes evaluated in S. frugiperda.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1853500</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/finsc.2026.1853500</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Soil nutrition and foliar intervention in Brassica napus (L.) to impair biological fitness of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer)]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Muhammad Wajid Javed</author><author>Waseem Akram</author><author>Muhammad Umair Gulzar</author><author>Ammara Riaz</author><author>Muhammad Sagheer</author><author>Asad Aslam</author><author>Ayman El Sabagh</author><author>Mohammed Antar</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionGreen peach aphid (Myzus persicae) can reduce yield of canola (Brassica napus) from 35-60% either directly by sap sucking or indirectly by virus transmission. Use of synthetic insecticides is not an ecologically acceptable option.MethodsTherefore, effectiveness of different foliar interventions based on salicylic acid-SA and citric acid-CA at 0, 0.5, and 1 mM, and soil nutrition through herbivore-deterrence (silicon-Si and ammonium sulphate-Ams at 25 and 50 kg ha-1) and soil amendments (elemental sulphur-ES, bio sulphur-BS, Cp-Compost, ES+Cp, and BS+Cp) were assessed against different biological fitness parameters of aphid such as aphid development period (days), reproduction time (days), progeny production (No.), immature becoming adults (No), and nymphal survival (%).ResultsIn foliar intervention treatments, 1 mM SA was the most effective treatment followed by 0.5 mM SA and 1 mM CA in reducing aphid biological parameters (10.21 to 71.5%), while in herbivore-deterrence and soil amendments, 50 kg Si (23.5-66.04%) and ES+BS (21.5-42.9%) performed better, respectively.ConclusionThese results are important in sustainable management of aphids, improving canola yield, and ensuring global food security. However, deciphering the underlying mechanism of pest resistance in canola should be an important goal of future research.]]></description>
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