AUTHOR=González-Ocampo Héctor Abelardo , Martínez-Álvarez Iván Guadalupe , Jaramillo-Flores María Eugenia , Luna-González Antonio 

TITLE=Comparison of Phenolic and Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant and Chelating Activities of Rhizophora mangle in Different Anthropogenically-Polluted Coastal Lagoons

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Marine Science

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.791748

DOI=10.3389/fmars.2022.791748

ISSN=2296-7745

ABSTRACT=The production of total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content, antioxidant (AA), and copper chelating (CACu+) activities of Rhizophora mangle from three coastal lagoons under different grades of anthropogenic pollution and pollutant presence were analyzed. R. mangle is a mangrove plant that inhabits tropical coastal lagoons and shows the ability to accumulate pollutants in their tissues and respond to environmental stressors via the production of secondary metabolites AA, and CACu+ activities. One hundred eight samples (June 2010 to August 2011) of leaves, barks, and roots of R. mangle from Magdalena Bay (MBAY), Navachiste Lagoon (NLAG), and Terminos Lagoon (TLAG) (Mexico) were collected. Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric, aluminum chloride colorimetric, ABTS•+ discoloration, and pyrocatechol-violet methods calculated TPC, TFC, AA, and, CACu+, respectively. Atomic absorption spectrometry, gas chromatography, and Walkley-Black methods were used to calculate metal content, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and organic matter in sediments. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey, Scheffé, and Bonferroni & Holm multiple comparisons were used to determine significance, and Pearson´s test to determine the coefficient of correlations was applied. Significant differences among lagoons of TPC, TFC, AA, and Cu+CA activities of Rhizophora mangle are explained by their different grades and type of anthropogenic pollution. A significant increase in the TPC and TFC in bark implies a response to the metal and OCPs pollution in surrounding sediments. Significant AA and Cu+CA activities responded to combat environmental stress conditions caused by the OCP and trace metal concentrations in surrounding sediments. Strong and positive correlations among OCP and trace metal were found and related to the constant pesticide residues input. However, OCP concentrations in the surrounding sediments of R. mangle trees did not influence the phenolic production of AA or the Cu+ CA. R. mangle is affected by the type of anthropogenic pollutants and was reflected in the bio-compounds production, antioxidant and chelating activities related to the concentration of the metals in sediments.