AUTHOR=Lu Lixin , Ren Lihua , Jiang Lisheng , Xu Xiaohui , Wang Weijun , Feng Yanwei , Li Zan , Yang Jianmin , Sun Guohua 

TITLE=Integrative proteomics and metabolomics reveal the stress response of semicarbazide in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Marine Science

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.992753

DOI=10.3389/fmars.2022.992753

ISSN=2296-7745

ABSTRACT=Semicarbazide (SMC), also known as carbamoyl hydrazide, is a key intermediate for the organic synthesis of drugs, pesticides, and a panoply of other applications. It is also regarded as a landmark metabolite of nitrofurazone, a banned veterinary drug. SMC produced in different ways will eventually enter the ocean and become an emerging marine pollutant, affecting the physiological metabolism, behavioral activities, and even survival of aquatic organisms. Sea cucumbers are sediment-feeding organisms, and their risk of exposure to pollutants has attracted increasing attention. In this study, an integrated proteomic and metabolomic approach was used to investigate the responses of Apostichopus japonicus treated with SMC (3.72 g/L) for 72 h. After SMC treatment, A. japonicus showed significant changes in 342 proteins and 74 metabolites. Differential proteins and metabolites were primarily involved in energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, immune regulation, autophagy, and apoptosis. On the basis of a combination of proteomic and metabolomic data, a hypothetical network of proteins, metabolites, and pathways in sea cucumbers was also described; the resulting network indicated several significant biological activities in response to SMC. This work offers a thorough analysis of the intricate mechanisms by which sea cucumbers respond to SMC stress and indicates numerous possible indicators for further research on creatures exposed to SMC. Further, our results provide scientific guidance for pollution control of Apostichopus japonicus culture to ensure healthy breeding.