AUTHOR=Ansari Kutubuddin , Walo Janusz , Wezka Kinga , Biswas Mery , Mukherjee Soumyajit 

TITLE=Regional tidal modeling on the European coast using tide gauges and satellite altimetry

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Marine Science

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2024

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1412736

DOI=10.3389/fmars.2024.1412736

ISSN=2296-7745

ABSTRACT=The study investigates sea-level measurements along the coastal area of Europe for the sixty-year  time span. Linear and quadratic modeling of tide-gauge measurements showed an almost positive rate of trend of sea-level rise (0.09 to 3.6 mm yr -1 ) and low acceleration (-0.05 to 0.40 mm yr - 2 ). A least squares harmonic estimation tidal modeling is carried out to estimate frequency (cycles per day) for a certain period. The smaller and higher tidal frequencies of these stations indicate their stability in terms of their surface variation. We used the 1993-2020 satellite altimetry data from the nearest grid points of the tide gauge station. The correlation coefficient between observed and satellite altimetry (lowest 0.53 and highest 0.93) varies at each station. This happens because of many factors that can affect the large difference in sea level trend between the satellite-derived and the tide gauge results. Finally, to implement a global reference system for physical heights, the offshore topographic slope direction, and slope range with contour spacing from the sea to the associated coastline have been analyzed by using Bathymetry data. The abrupt change of slope from the coastline towards the Sea can be seen towards the east, west, and southeast on the European coast. This is also an important factor that affects the variation of sea level.