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        <title>Frontiers in Marine Science | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Marine Science | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-05-13T21:17:27.546+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1820102</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1820102</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Short-term and long-term prediction of South China Sea SST based on multiple meteorological factors and machine learning]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Wenya Ji</author><author>Jiyuan Yin</author><author>Jianhu Wang</author><author>Menglu Wang</author><author>Juan Li</author><author>Yiqiu Yang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Sea surface temperature (SST) is a vital component of the climate system, and its spatiotemporal variations significantly influence global climate and ecological equilibrium. Unlike most existing univariate SST prediction models that neglect atmospheric forcing information, this study proposes a machine learning-driven multivariate framework integrating key meteorological variables to learn data-driven, nonlinear relationships for improved SST prediction. Based on the ERA5 reanalysis data, three machine learning algorithms, namely, Random Forest (RF), XGBoost and LightGBM, are used to construct short-term and long-term SST forecast models for the South China Sea. The input feature variables include seven meteorological and hydrological variables such as SST, 10m u-component of wind (U10), 10m v-component of wind (V10), 2m dewpoint temperature (d2m), 2m temperature (t2m), mean sea level pressure (SLP), and total cloud cover (TCC). Correlation analysis revealed that these meteorological factors are significantly correlated with SST, with the strongest correlations observed for 2-meter dew point temperature and 2-meter air temperature. Model performance is assessed using metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the coefficient of determination (R²). The results indicate that the RF model exhibits the highest accuracy for both short-term and long-term forecasting models. Furthermore, this study explores high-resolution SST forecasting models for the South China Sea, revealing that total cloud cover (TCC) contributes more to SST predictions than sea surface salinity (SSS), and the model performs well across most areas of the South China Sea (excluding coastal regions), achieving forecasts with a lead time of at least 20 months. The long lead-time prediction ability derived from a multivariate input design further highlights the advantages of the proposed method over traditional single-factor models. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of machine learning algorithms for SST prediction, providing an efficient approach to understanding future SST changes and their potential impacts, while emphasizing the necessity of integrating multiple meteorological factors to enhance forecasting accuracy.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1835326</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1835326</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Response of offshore wind turbine monopile-liquefiable seabed-seawater coupled system to vertical and horizontal seismic excitations]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Chen Wang</author><author>Jia-Jia Xu</author><author>Ye-Jun Sun</author><author>Jun Wang</author><author>Fei Cai</author><author>Dong Cai</author><author>Zheng-Hai Sha</author><author>Feng-Xue Jin</author><author>Ling-Yu Xu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[A comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing offshore wind turbine (OWT) response in liquefiable seabeds during seismic events remains incomplete, particularly with respect to vertical ground motion components and tripartite seawater-structure-soil interaction dynamics. A 3D integrated monopile-seabed-seawater model for a monitored 6.45-MW OWT is developed, featuring acoustic elements for seawater hydrodynamics, advanced constitutive models for liquefaction and material damping, and coupled vertical-horizontal seismic input. The dynamic characteristic of the OWT is rigorously validated through ​continuous vibration acceleration monitoring. Key findings reveal that: (1) Increasing monopile embedment depth in non-liquefied soil layers effectively mitigates liquefaction-induced residual lateral displacements; (2) Monopile vertical displacement amplitude depends critically on both seismic input frequency and the phase difference between horizontal/vertical peak ground accelerations; (3) Seawater presence restrains monopile displacements, while neglecting seabed-seawater coupling leads to underestimated excess pore water pressure (EPWP) buildup in shallow seabed layers during seismic events; (4) Vertical seismic motion dominates seawater’s influence on OWT seismic response by coupling with hydrodynamic pressure to amplify the EPWP changes in liquefiable seabeds. The results demonstrate that comprehensive consideration of coupled vertical seismic excitation and fluid-soil-structure interaction is essential for accurate liquefaction assessment of OWT foundations.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1809549</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1809549</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Advancing equity through the “capability to aspire” in ocean and coastal governance: centering indigenous and local values to shape social–ecological futures — a review]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Marycarmen Martinez Diaz</author><author>Ilisapeci Lyons</author><author>Cameron S. Fletcher</author><author>Iain Gordon</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Calls for equity and justice are increasingly shaping ocean and coastal governance; however, a persistent challenge remains in centering how Indigenous Peoples’ and Local Communities’ (IPLCs) values are meaningfully recognized and enacted within decision-making processes, particularly under accelerating socioecological change. This review synthesizes interdisciplinary scholarship to examine how IPLCs mobilize their knowledge, values, and risk perspectives to influence marine governance and stewardship. Using a reflexive thematic analysis of 27 empirical studies published between 2015 and 2024, we analyze the conditions, practices, and governance arrangements that support or constrain the expression of IPLC values across diverse coastal and marine contexts. The review identifies three overarching insights. First, IPLC values are mobilized through mechanisms such as tenure, treaty-making, collaborative governance, and Indigenous-led research, which strengthen authority and support culturally grounded stewardship. Second, IPLC knowledge systems sustain relational, place-based practices of care that contribute to adaptive management. However, these local place-based practices are increasingly challenged by intersecting uncertainties including competing ocean uses, climate-driven environmental change, and limited transparency in decision-making. Third, pathways for more equitable governance are emerging through future-oriented stewardship, knowledge weaving, experimental management, collaborative monitoring, and collective action. These factors establish some of the foundations for building capabilities to enable governance transitions, in particular, the capability to aspire to create alternative futures to mobilize IPLC values to be better represented in coastal and ocean governance. Across the literature, however, our analysis finds that the agency-based capability to aspire for governance transitions vary and are uneven within contexts, potentially establishing the conditions for entrenched inequity for IPLCs into the future. Building the capability to aspire relies on inquiry that combines knowledge of the past, observations of current conditions and judgement of the past and present to assess plausible futures. We argue that IPLC-defined capability to aspire for plausible governance transitions, based on the ability to sustain and voice values, negotiate authority, mobilize resources and adapt stewardship practices within shifting governance and ecological conditions, represent a critical and underexamined dimension of ocean equity. This review advances an emerging future-oriented capability and dimension of equity.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1825017</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1825017</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Design and hydrodynamic analysis of a wave energy aquaculture platform for deep-sea operations]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Haiyang Liu</author><author>Hangfei Liu</author><author>Yanlan Xiong</author><author>Jing You</author><author>Yunjing Zhao</author><author>Xidong Zhou</author><author>Xiangfeng Guo</author><author>Yaohua Li</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Deep-sea wave-energy-integrated aquaculture platforms (WEAPs) lack systematic design guidance, facing inherent trade-offs between structural safety, aquaculture stability, and wave energy harvesting. This study optimizes a 300 m-class WEAP under 10-year return-period typhoon wave conditions (JONSWAP spectrum) via numerical comparisons of rigid/buoy-sinker mooring systems and single/dual-WEC-pontoon schemes. Results show that the proposed eight-chain buoy-sinker mooring reduces the WEAP’s horizontal displacement by 92.4% and peak mooring tension by 27% compared with rigid mooring. For the dual-WEC-pontoon configuration, this mooring further enhances motion stability and boosts wave energy conversion efficiency to 38–42%. With excellent hydrostatic stability and a 7440.3 m³ stable aquaculture volume, the dual-WEC-pontoon WEAP with eight-chain buoy-sinker mooring serves as an optimal, scalable solution for 300 m deep-sea operations.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1837790</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1837790</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Can we have our cake and eat it too? A collaborative pathway for ecological conservation and high-quality development in the river-sea convergence zone of the Yellow River Basin]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ran Shang</author><author>Meixian Wang</author><author>Wen Wang</author><author>Qingqing Zhang</author><author>Jing Li</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In river-sea confluence zones, where land-sea interactions are highly concentrated, achieving synergy between ecological conservation and high-quality development is essential for regional sustainability. As the only river-sea transition zone in the Yellow River Basin, Shandong Province serves as a critical ecological security barrier while facing increasing pressure from intensive development and resource-environment constraints. Against this backdrop, this study takes Shandong Province as the research area and constructs a multi-level analytical framework integrating ecological conservation and high-quality development. From the dual perspectives of intra-system coordination and inter-system coupling, it evaluates coordination levels and identifies spatial differentiation patterns under land-sea integration. The results show that ecological conservation in Shandong is generally coordinated, forming “acore-periphery” spatial pattern, although uncoordinated areas remain concentrated along major rivers and lake regions. High-quality development remains at a relatively low level overall, with pronounced imbalance among the five development concept subsystems; in particular, innovation exhibits weak coordination with other subsystems and constitutes a key constraint. Moreover, the relationship between ecological conservation and high-quality development is dominated by incoordination, with more than 70% of the area classified as uncoordinated, while coordinated regions are mainly distributed in southern Shandong and parts of the Jiaodong Peninsula, showing a fragmented pattern. These findings indicate that the coordination relationship is jointly shaped by resource-environment constraints and land-sea coupling processes. By incorporating a land-sea integrated perspective, this study refines the analytical framework for understanding the interaction between ecological conservation and development, and provides empirical support for differentiated governance and sustainable development in river-sea transitional zones.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1804298</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1804298</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Auction-based comparisons of landings, revenue and price structures between Bonanza (Sanlucar de Barrameda) and Isla Cristina (Gulf of Cadiz, SW Spain) in 2024]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Juan Vidal</author><author>Andres Chover</author><author>Daniel Coronil</author><author>Jose Juan Alonso</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study compares landings, revenues, and price structures between two major Andalusian first-sale auctions in the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Spain): Bonanza (Sanlucar de Barrameda) and Isla Cristina. Using 2024 auction records aggregated at the vessel–species level, we analyse how outcomes differ across ports and whether contrasts are driven by species composition, within-species pricing, or scale (lot-size) effects. Descriptive statistical indicators, non-parametric inference (Mann–Whitney tests) and effect-size measures are complemented with alternative price models (log-OLS, Gamma-GLM and GAM) to assess the robustness of the price–quantity relationship. Results indicate that Bonanza tends to exhibit stronger performance for the typical vessel (higher landings, higher revenues, and greater species diversification), whereas Isla Cristina concentrates a larger share of total activity, consistent with a more scale-oriented structure dominated by a subset of high-throughput vessels. Differences in average unit values between ports are largely explained by species mix and volume weights (i.e., the relative importance of high- versus low-value taxa), while composition-controlled models point to a smaller within-species port effect for Isla Cristina that varies with landed quantity. Overall, routinely collected auction data provide a consistent basis for comparing port-level market outcomes and for distinguishing whether cross-port differences arise primarily from composition, pricing, or both.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1763044</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1763044</link>
        <title><![CDATA[From local discovery to global insights: deep-sea amphipod diversity in a high-seas marine protected area and its conservation implications]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Anne-Nina Lörz</author><author>Laura Engel</author><author>Anna M. Jażdżewska</author><author>Stefanie Kaiser</author><author>Martin Schwentner</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The deep ocean, while home to a remarkable diversity of life, remains one of the least understood environments on Earth. This profound lack of information hampers our ability to protect and manage deep-sea ecosystems effectively, especially as they face escalating threats from human activities such as resource extraction, pollution, and climate change. In light of these knowledge gaps, this study investigates the diversity of benthic amphipods collected from abyssal depths within the recently established North Atlantic Current and Evlanov Sea basin (NACES) high-seas marine protected area (MPA). Amphipods, with their brooding reproductive strategy and absence of a dispersive larval stage, are potentially limited in their distribution. This makes them valuable for biogeographic studies as biographic histories are maintained over longer periods of time. A total of 253 amphipod cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences were newly generated; these include 99 from the NACES MPA, 43 from the Labrador Sea, 42 from the Azores as well as 69 eusirids from other populations in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Ocean, and Antarctic. A single epibenthic sledge haul from the NACES MPA in 3,677 m depth revealed 47 amphipod molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) from 98 sequenced individuals, with Chao1 estimates exceeding 120 species. This highlights unexpectedly high benthic diversity at local scales. The majority of these species could not be unambiguously assigned to known species, but many of these are probably new to science. Two of these species are formally described, Cleonardo helga sp. nov. and Cleonardo davinci sp. nov., and a dichotomous key to all known Cleonardo species worldwide is provided. Biogeographic links were studied for species of the family Eusiridae Stebbing, 1888 by comparing the NACES MOTUs to newly sequenced data from the North Atlantic and all existing COI sequences from GenBank and Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD). Of the eight NACES eusirid MOTUs, four were recorded also from other abyssal regions including the Labrador Sea, the Azores, the Arctic, and North and West Pacific. By linking the discovery of local species to broader global distribution patterns, this research enhances our understanding of deep-sea marine ecosystems and underscores the importance of conservation efforts in safeguarding these vulnerable marine habitats.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1866646</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1866646</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Marine ecology: functional symbioses in marine holobionts]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Laura Núñez-Pons</author><author>Anna Salvatori</author><author>Valerio Mazzella</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1735700</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1735700</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of different freshwater sources on microplankton in the Western Arctic Ocean]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Dai Sumiyoshi</author><author>Manami Tozawa</author><author>Amane Fujiwara</author><author>Kohei Matsuno</author>
        <description><![CDATA[While freshwater input into the western Arctic Ocean is increasing, studies evaluating the impacts of different freshwater sources—namely river water and sea-ice meltwater—on microplankton remain limited. In this study, we examined microplankton and hydrographic conditions during the late summers of 2021, 2023, and 2024 to evaluate the influences of different freshwater sources. Microplankton were identified and counted using an inverted microscope. In addition to water temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentrations, the fractions of river runoff (frro) and sea ice meltwater (fsimw) were estimated. High microplankton abundance (56,000 cells L−1) was observed in the group strongly influenced by river water (frro: 3%) but less affected by sea ice meltwater (fsimw: 7%), whereas the group strongly influenced by both freshwater sources (frro: 4%, fsimw: 15%) exhibited low abundance (530 cells L−1). In the former group, a lower overall freshwater proportion may have inhibited the full development of salinity stratification, allowing enhanced nutrient supply from deeper layers through upwelling. Therefore, nutrient-demanding taxa such as Chaetoceros dominated in the group. In contrast, strong salinity stratification in the latter group may have limited nutrient supply to surface waters. Consequently, heterotrophic taxa such as ciliophora tended to dominate. To our knowledge, this study provides one of the first evaluations of how different freshwater sources influence microplankton in the western Arctic Ocean. We compared the effects of freshwater accumulation on microplankton across different regions. Our results indicate that phytoplankton proliferation can be either promoted or suppressed depending on differences in freshwater sources and their complex interactions with environmental factors. This study provides a detailed assessment of how distinct freshwater sources, such as river water and sea ice meltwater, influence microplankton dynamics in the western Arctic Ocean. Furthermore, in 2021, sea ice melt was unusually delayed, and extensive sea ice remained even in the late summer. We also examined whether this unusually extensive sea ice influenced the microplankton community structure. Together, these results highlight the importance of considering both the magnitude and source of freshwater input, as well as sea-ice conditions, when evaluating microplankton dynamics in the western Arctic Ocean.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1830559</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1830559</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Navigating the frontier of data openness: the obligation to cooperate in marine climate data governance under the AI Era]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Anyang Li</author><author>Weikang Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Artificial intelligence (AI) models are increasingly used in marine climate monitoring, prediction, and decision support, yet their reliance on large-scale training data has exposed a structural imbalance in marine climate data governance. Data-contributing States, especially Small Island Developing States (SIDS), may provide critical local observational data while lacking access to early-warning products, localized decision-support tools, and model capabilities commensurate with their climate vulnerability. This article reassesses the obligations of marine environmental protection, cooperation, information exchange, and technical assistance under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in the context of AI-enabled marine climate governance. Through doctrinal legal analysis and evolutive treaty interpretation, it examines how UNCLOS can respond to the transformation of marine climate data from shareable scientific information into AI-derived model capability. The analysis identifies three interrelated dilemmas: the decoupling of data contribution from model benefits, the market-based restriction of predictive services needed for public-risk governance, and the erosion of trust caused by opaque downstream data use and dual-use risks. It argues that conditional data openness should be understood as an interpretive specification of the duty to cooperate under UNCLOS in the AI era. This framework combines purpose limitation, procedural transparency, and fair reciprocity to ensure that data openness remains linked to public marine climate risk governance, traceable oversight, and model-capability-oriented technical assistance. This approach offers a legally grounded pathway for aligning AI-enabled marine climate governance with cooperation, equity, and the protection and preservation of the marine environment under UNCLOS.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1811972</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1811972</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on immune function, disease resistance, digestive health, and stress management in fish culture]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Muyassar H. Abualreesh</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Aquaculture is a fast-growing farming sector, and fish production aims to meet global nutrient demand. Aquatic organisms are directly exposed to deteriorated ecological environments and die during outbreaks. In the beginning of aquaculture, several synthetic drugs were introduced to protect organisms, and continuous exposure results in antibiotic accumulation in fish and the development of drugresistance among microorganisms. In addition, exposure to these antibiotics affects the environment and affects nontargeted organisms. Probiotics, followed by prebiotics, were introduced in the aquaculture industry, and synbiotic interventions were subsequently proposed. Synbiotics are active combinations of prebiotics and probiotics that are used to improve digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant chemicals, immunity, growth performance, and feed utilization efficacy in fish. The application of synbiotics improved overall fish growth, stress mitigation and improved yield in aquaculture. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics are considered alternatives to synthetic drugs. Synbiotics improved gut microbiota, immune response, antioxidant mechanism, and stress mitigation effects. This narrative review focuses on current research advancements to address the research gap between synbiotics and healthy fish production. The variations in standard methodology in feed formulation, dosage of synbiotics, stages of fish, treatment period, route of administraton, selected fish type, and environmental conditions, and effectiveness of synbiotics have contributed to the major complexities of the field. The present study aimed to summarize the current research on the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on antioxidant molecules, digestive enzymes, and stress mitigation effects in fish, shrimps and oysters. From these results, it can be found that fish have the potential to change their microbial community according to the surrounding environment. Identifying research gaps in this field and understanding the role of synbiotics can improve fisher-friendly strategies to maximize fish growth performance, the immune response, and ecological balance.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1760679</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1760679</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Long-term changes of summer larval fish community in relation to environmental trends in the NW Mediterranean]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Vanesa Raya</author><author>Ana Sabatés</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This work investigates the main changes undergone by the summer larval fish community over three decades along the Catalan coast, an area characterized by a wide array of environmental conditions. The study was based on nine ichthyoplankton surveys carried out in June, July and September in three decades, 1980s, 2000s and 2010s, covering the same area and applying the same sampling methodology. Throughout the study period, an increase in sea surface temperature, particularly marked in June, and a decrease in surface chlorophyll-a associated with a decline in runoff from the Ebro and Rhone rivers was observed. Marked changes in the composition and abundance of the larval fish community were detected between June and July in the 1980s and the following decades. These changes were mainly due to the presence for the first time in the area of warm-water species, such as Thalassoma pavo and Caranx rhonchus, or to the increase in their abundance, such as Sardinella aurita and Pomatomus saltatrix, in the 2000s in relation to the northward expansion of the adults‘ range. The presence of larvae of warm-water species in the 2000s and 2010s contributed to an increase in specific richness of the larval fish community compared to values obtained in the 1980s. Other species showed a decline in abundance over time, probably due to a decrease in surface chlorophyll-a, e.g. Engraulis encrasicolus, although overexploitation is also an important factor to consider. Larvae of other species, such as coastal and mesopelagic fishes, did not show changes in abundance over the three decades. In a future scenario of increasing sea water temperature and marine heatwaves events, enhanced stratification, and decreasing surface primary production, the changes that may occur in the fish larvae community will largely depend on the adaptive responses of individual species to the new environmental conditions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1794902</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1794902</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Impacts of coinciding ocean acidification and warming on the fatty acid profile of the pteropod Limacina helicina within the Northeast Pacific coastal region]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Clara L. Mackenzie</author><author>Chen Yin V. Walker</author><author>Matthew R. Miller</author><author>Miki Nomura</author><author>Sarah Spencer</author><author>Ian P. Forster</author><author>Chrys M. Neville</author><author>Christopher M. Pearce</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Under global climate change, co-occurrence of ocean acidification (OA) and warming poses a substantial threat to marine ecosystems. The present study focused on the Strait of Georgia within the Northeast Pacific region, where conditions of aragonite undersaturation exist year-round across the majority of the water column, with further intensification expected under OA. These conditions coincide with persistent rises in mean seasonal seawater temperatures and increased prevalence of acute stressor events, such as marine heatwaves and low-pH upwelling events. Limacina helicina, a pteropod species well-represented within the region’s zooplankton communities, is susceptible to OA and warming, with documented impacts including altered shell development, growth, and survival. To date, however, there has been minimal investigation into the effects of OA and warming on the species’ fatty acid profile under regionally-relevant conditions, thereby contributing to a lack of understanding of how impacts at lower trophic levels may relay across ecosystems. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the survival and fatty acid profile of L. helicina under future conditions via a laboratory experiment during which pteropods were exposed to singular and coinciding warming (mean summer seawater temperature + 4 °C) and OA (Ωarag < 1) conditions, with fatty acid analyses carried out via gas chromatography at 48-h and 5-d timepoints. OA conditions significantly altered fatty acid proportions at 48 h, and there was an additional interactive effect of OA and warming. Temperature significantly affected survival at 5 d, although experimental starvation conditions likely confounded this result. Additionally, fatty acid analyses of L. helicina picked from historical plankton samples collected in the region over 2014–2023 were carried out to examine time-series changes in fatty acid profiles in relation to temperature records. Results indicated no significant differences in fatty acid fractions among years, though there was suggestion of a changing proportion of myristic acid over a number of year groups. Overall, findings suggest that short-term OA conditions may result in altered fatty acid composition in pteropods, potentially leading to shifts in nutritional quality and associated impacts on trophic energy transfer.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1812200</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1812200</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Assessment of coastal vulnerability to sea level rise: a case study of the Kenyan coastline]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Abigail Kagema</author><author>Anselme Muzirafuti</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionKenya's 640 km coastline faces escalating exposure to sea-level rise, yet no integrated, spatially explicit assessment combining physical and socioeconomic vulnerability exists for the entire national coastline. This study addresses that gap by developing the first GIS-based Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) at national scale using exclusively open-access data.MethodsThe shoreline was divided into 7,555 segments of approximately 200 m, each attributed with eight physical indicators (including shoreline change rate, coastal elevation, geomorphology, bathymetry, and sea-level rise trend) and three socioeconomic indicators (population density, land use/land cover, and distance to coastal infrastructure). Indicators were ranked on a 1–5 ordinal scale and weighted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (CR = 0.046 and 0.033 for physical and socioeconomic sets respectively), then aggregated into a Physical Vulnerability Index (PVI) and Socioeconomic Vulnerability Index (SoVI), each normalised to a 0–100 scale and combined into the final CVI.ResultsOverall, 31.7% of coastal segments fall in the High or Very High CVI class (mean CVI = 51.66). The most vulnerable stretches are concentrated along the Kilifi–Malindi corridor, where active erosion and sandy geomorphology coincide with elevated socioeconomic exposure, and near the Mombasa urban core. An at-risk inventory of 46 heritage sites, hotel facilities, and biodiversity areas shows that all mapped heritage sites fall in the High or Very High CVI class, with a mean CVI of 74.14.DiscussionThe elevated socioeconomic vulnerability relative to physical vulnerability underscores the role of human exposure in driving composite coastal risk in Kenya. The open-data framework developed here provides a transferable, replicable baseline for evidence-based coastal adaptation planning in Kenya and comparable data-constrained regions of East Africa.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1757374</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1757374</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Trade-offs of nest relocation in hawksbill turtles: effects on hatching success and hatchling performance]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Sally Saliba</author><author>Sarahaizad Mohd-Salleh</author><author>Jassim Al-Khayat</author><author>Christopher D. Marshall</author><author>David Smyth</author><author>Mark Chatting</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Nest relocation is widely used to safeguard sea turtle clutches from inundation, predation, and human disturbance, yet the consequences for hatchling quality remain uncertain, particularly under extreme thermal regimes such as those of the Arabian Gulf. The present study evaluated whether incubation method influences both hatching success and hatchling morphological and locomotor traits in hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting in Qatar by comparing three strategies: in situ, ex situ (relocated to protected hatcheries), and split-clutch (relocated and divided evenly between two nests), without direct measurement or experimental control of nest temperatures. Ex situ relocation significantly increased hatching success relative to in situ nests, while split-clutch achieved the highest success overall. However, ex situ hatchlings showed reduced physical performance and smaller flipper width compared to in situ hatchlings, suggesting potential performance trade-offs associated with full relocation. In contrast, split-clutch hatchlings performed comparably to in situ hatchlings across performance traits, suggesting that this strategy may reduce some performance trade-offs associated with ex situ incubation, although these findings should be interpreted cautiously given the limited split-clutch sample size. Our results highlight a management trade-off where ex situ relocation boosts output but may depress early-life performance metrics, whereas split-clutch incubation can deliver high hatching success while maintaining hatchling quality. These findings suggest that split-clutch incubation warrants further evaluation as a targeted, site-specific management tool, coupled with continued monitoring of nest thermal profiles and post-emergence performance. These findings provide useful insights for coastal managers seeking to optimize reproductive output and hatchling viability under intensifying climate and human pressures.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1832655</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1832655</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Targeting neuroinflammatory networks with marine natural products: evidence, mechanisms, and translational challenges]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Hao Zhang</author><author>Jiachen Yu</author><author>Ruifan Sheng</author><author>Shenyun Zhang</author><author>Lihong Chen</author><author>Honghai Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Neuroinflammation is a common feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and traumatic brain injury (TBI). It shows a stage-dependent shift from peripheral immune involvement to more compartmentalized inflammation within the central nervous system, together with sustained glial reprogramming, amplification of inflammasome and cytokine signaling, and close coupling with metabolic stress, oxidative stress, and impaired proteostasis. In chronic disease settings, conventional peripherally acting anti-inflammatory therapies often fail to restore neuroimmune homeostasis, which supports a shift from suppressing single pathways to evaluating inflammatory network states as integrative therapeutic targets. Here, we present a narrative critical review of marine-derived bioactive compounds as multi-target, cross-system immunomodulators. Using Alzheimer’s disease as a representative mechanistic framework, we examine evidence that brown algae–derived phlorotannins, fucoxanthin, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) engage regulatory nodes including NF-κB/MAPK signaling, the NLRP3 inflammasome, autophagy–lysosome pathways, mitochondrial homeostasis, and synaptic plasticity. Sodium oligomannate (GV-971) is discussed as a proof-of-concept example for gut–immune–brain axis modulation, together with the interpretive limits of current mechanistic and clinical evidence. Overall, the field has substantial conceptual value, but the available evidence remains predominantly preclinical and heterogeneous. Future translation will require stage-aware stratification, route-specific development logic, translatable endpoints, and explicit PK–PD and target-engagement validation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1824262</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1824262</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Artificial light including blue-green wavelengths promotes growth of Rachycentron canadum with mRNA upregulation of appetite, growth and lipid synthesis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yafan Zhu</author><author>Hiroki Takekata</author><author>Chihiro Yamauchi</author><author>Akihiro Takemura</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionCues from light, including photoperiod, intensity, and wavelength, can all impact physiology in fish. This study investigated the effect of light wavelengths on growth performance in the cobia Rachycentron canadum, a commercially valuable species in tropical waters.MethodsJuveniles were exposed to blue (BL, 466 nm peak), green (GL, 518 nm peak), or natural light (NL) for four weeks.ResultsCompared to NL, BL and GL significantly enhanced body weight (BW) by 27.6% and 23.2%, respectively, and increased specific growth rate (SGR) by approximately 24% and 23%, respectively. Transcript levels of key visual opsins were more highly upregulated by blue and green light in the diencephalon, compared to the retina, highlighting the importance of extraretinal photoreception in growth regulation. Comparison of transcript levels of various genes regulating appetite or lipogenesis showed a wavelength-dependent effect on growth stimulation in juvenile cobia. Green light influenced transcript levels of the appetite-stimulating peptide, neuropeptide Y (npy), in the brain, and growth hormone receptor (ghr) in the liver. Whereas blue light increased the transcript levels of an anorexigenic peptide, pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc), in the brain, and fatty acid synthase (fas) in the liver.DiscussionThese results align with adaptation to blue-green-dominated marine environment, emphasizing the valuable, non-invasive tool that spectral optimization can be in aquaculture.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1824935</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1824935</link>
        <title><![CDATA[GSA-YOLO: an enhanced underwater object detector integrating ghost module and spatial-channel synergistic attention]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xinge Xu</author><author>Zihao Zheng</author><author>Xing Peng</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Conventional object detection algorithms for autonomous underwater robot perception face two primary challenges. Firstly, pronounced underwater images degradation impedes algorithm performance. Secondly, the diversity and complexity of underwater targets demand sophisticated algorithms, yet current methods often suffer from high computational resource consumption, low detection accuracy, and reduced efficiency. This study proposes GSA-YOLOv11, a YOLOv11-based model to enhance the perceptual capabilities of underwater robots. First, the Ghost module is integrated into the Backbone to replace the C3k2 module. Unlike conventional usage that compresses channels, we strategically configure the module to expand channel width while exploiting its cheap operations, achieving an “expansion--moderation” balance that increases model capacity without parameter explosion. This design generates numerous Ghost feature maps to capture richer intrinsic feature information, thereby enhancing the model’s representational ability and object detection performance in complex underwater environments and improving detection robustness. Secondly, the SCSA (Spatial-Channel Synergistic Attention) mechanism is integrated into the detection head to effectively capture features in both channel and spatial dimensions. This synergy enhances cross-scale target detection, achieving an optimal balance between accuracy, detection speed, and model complexity. Comparative experiments were conducted on the DUO dataset, showing that the mean average precision (mAP) at 50% (mAP50) and mAP at 50% to 95% (mAP50-95) of the GSA-YOLOv11 model increased by 2.73% and 3.52%, respectively, in comparison to the baseline model. Concurrently, the model exhibits 10.6 GFLOPs and 836.59 FPS, sufficient to enhance environmental perception under the computing constraints of small onboard devices. Moreover, comparative experiments on the UDID dataset demonstrate that GSA-YOLOv11 outperforms baseline models. Ablation experiments validate the optimization performance and synergistic ability of the two modules. By implementing targeted enhancements for small-target detection in optically degraded underwater environments, this model offers insights for enhancing the environmental perception and operational capabilities of underwater robots.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1760045</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1760045</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Engaging small-scale fishers in a circular bioeconomy: valorization of Rhizostoma pulmo (Macri, 1778) jellyfish bycatch for sustainable collagen production]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Raquel Torres</author><author>Janire Salazar</author><author>Francisco Revert-Ros</author><author>José Tena-Medialdea</author><author>Ainara Ballesteros</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Jellyfish bycatch poses challenges for small-scale fisheries by increasing costs and generating underutilized biomass. Yet this same biomass could represent a valuable resource, as jellyfish are an emerging source of collagen with a wide range of biotechnological applications. Within the COLMED project, a collaboration between researchers and fishers was established to explore the sustainable valorization of jellyfish bycatch for collagen extraction as part of a circular bioeconomy strategy. The aims were to: (1) assess fishers’ perceptions and willingness to engage in jellyfish valorization; (2) quantify bycatch occurrence and species composition; and (3) evaluate the structural and molecular integrity of collagen derived from bycatch specimens. Fishers’ perspectives were gathered through semi-structured interviews across four small-scale fishing guilds in Catalonia and the Valencian Community, in the Spanish Mediterranean. Results revealed strong engagement and positive attitudes toward jellyfish valorization, although institutional, technical, and training support were key bottlenecks. Thirteen months of monitoring yielded the first quantitative baseline of jellyfish bycatch in the study area, with Rhizostoma pulmo and Pelagia noctiluca as the most abundant species. Collagen extracted from R. pulmo, whether hand-net collected or obtained as bycatch, retained molecular integrity, confirmed by SDS-PAGE, FTIR, and XRD analyses, demonstrating characteristic type I collagen bands, preserved amide groups, and native triple-helical patterns. These results show that incidental capture does not compromise collagen quality and support the use of R. pulmo bycatch as a sustainable marine collagen source. Overall, this study presents a novel interdisciplinary framework linking fisheries sustainability, ocean literacy, and the circular bioeconomy. It underscores the broader potential of jellyfish bycatch valorization to strengthen small-scale fisheries resilience and advance the development of high-value marine bioresources.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1821993</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1821993</link>
        <title><![CDATA[From simple to sophisticated: characterization of new signals in the expanding vocal repertoire of the East Indian Ocean pygmy blue whale]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Capri D. Jolliffe</author><author>Craig R. McPherson</author><author>Robert D. McCauley</author><author>Gabrielle Genty</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In an underwater world, acoustic signaling is an important aspect of the social communication of marine mammal species with the complexity of a species’ vocal repertoire often considered to reflect the social complexity of the population. The acoustic behavior of blue whales is relatively well studied, though much of what is known is limited to the characteristically loud, low frequency songs that are believed to be produced as a reproductive display by male animals. Blue whales are known to produce song units outside of stereotypical song sequences, along with short duration down swept signals known as ‘D calls’ leading researchers to believe their acoustic communication, and by proxy their social cognition is relatively less complex when compared to other baleen whales such as humpback and bowhead whales. Drawing from a multidecadal data set of acoustic recorders deployed throughout the migratory range of blue whales, this paper characterizes four previously undescribed signals for the East Indian Ocean pygmy blue whales and presents the first known evidence of a large baleen whale producing these social sounds in stereotyped patterned sequences that bear similarity to song. This indicates a higher level of complexity in the social communication of blue whales than previously understood and provides further support that blue whales have a higher level of social cognition than has been considered previously.]]></description>
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