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        <title>Frontiers in Materials | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/materials</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Materials | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-08-14T23:17:36.413+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1906980</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1906980</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Mesh refinement ergodicity in heterogeneous concrete fracture: a combined virtual-interface element approach]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Gabriel Chacón</author><author>Felipe L. Rivarola</author><author>Daniel van Huyssteen</author><author>Paul Steinmann</author><author>Guillermo Etse</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionMany mesoscale fracture studies focus primarily on reducing error through progressive mesh refinement. However, in heterogeneous materials such as concrete, fracture predictions are influenced not only by numerical discretization but also by the underlying meso- or micro-structure.MethodsIn this paper, an efficient procedure for modeling complex fracture processes in concrete structures is presented, combining virtual and interface elements and exploiting observed statistical ergodicity. Concrete is modeled at the mesoscopic scale as a heterogeneous material comprising a mortar matrix and randomly distributed aggregate inclusions, connected through cohesive mortar-mortar and mortar-aggregate interfaces of differentiated strength. The procedure is demonstrated on the benchmark problem of a notched concrete beam (400 mm × 100 mm, with a 4 mm wide, 30 mm deep eccentric notch) under three-point bending, considering mesh densities of 600, 800, and 1200 elements in the active fracture zone and ensembles of up to 100 stochastic realizations per configuration. Three sources of variability are investigated: mesh geometry with a fixed aggregate arrangement, random aggregate position with a fixed mesh density, and the mortar, aggregate, and interface mechanical properties.ResultsThe results demonstrate that the ensemble-averaged peak load and its standard deviation converge within approximately 75 realizations, and that the variability induced by aggregate placement is approximately three to five times larger than the variability associated with mesh discretization.DiscussionThese findings suggest that, for heterogeneous mesoscale fracture analyses, increasing the number of realizations provides more reliable predictions of the expected structural response than further refining individual meshes.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1860155</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1860155</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Nanomaterials for drug analysis: emerging advancements and future challenges]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Li-Ming Zhao</author><author>Yong-Gang Zhao</author><author>He-Li Cheng</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Nanomaterials, with their unique advantages, are expected to provide a strong impetus for breakthroughs in many real-world technologies, and they are particularly attractive in the field of drug detection. Currently, research on the development and application of nanomaterials in sample pretreatment and nanosensors is booming. New materials and applications are constantly being reported. This review provides a comprehensive and heuristic overview of the applications of nanomaterials in drug analysis. Various nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene derivatives, silicon-based materials, molecularly imprinted polymers, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), microporous organic networks (MONs), and dopamine nanoparticles, have emerged as powerful tools for sample pretreatment, largely owing to their distinctive structural and chemical properties. This enables more efficient purification, concentration, and isolation of analytes in fields such as pharmaceutical analysis, environmental monitoring, and clinical testing. In addition, nanomaterials exhibit a suite of unique properties-such as large specific surface areas, tunable surface chemistries, excellent electrical conductivity, superior optical responsiveness, and high affinity for target analytes-that make them highly suitable for the development of sensitive and selective nanosensors across various fields, including clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety testing. These inherent characteristics enable nanosensors to achieve ultra-low detection limits, distinguish target drugs from complex matrix interferences with remarkable precision, and even realize real-time or in situ detection, thereby addressing critical challenges in traditional sensing technologies.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1893414</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1893414</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Enhancement of mechanical properties of SLM-fabricated GH3625 alloy by direct microscale laser shock peening without coating]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yazhou Wang</author><author>Xiangfan Nie</author><author>Peiwen Xu</author><author>Congkai Shi</author><author>Haoyu Yuan</author><author>Li Yan</author><author>Rubin Cui</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In this work, microscale laser shock peening without coating (μLSPwC) was applied to the surface of SLM-fabricated GH3625 alloy to enhance its mechanical performance. The effects of μLSPwC on surface roughness, microstructure, residual stress, microhardness, and tensile properties were systematically investigated. The results showed that μLSPwC effectively eliminated most surface manufacturing defects and significantly reduced surface roughness. The average grain size in the near-surface region decreased from 69.04 μm to 41.51 μm. In addition, a compressive residual stress (CRS) layer with a depth of approximately 360 μm and a hardened layer with a depth of about 250 μm were introduced. As a result, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) increased by approximately 1.1% and 8.9%, respectively, while the elongation (EL) remained nearly unchanged, indicating that μLSPwC effectively enhanced the strength of the SLM-fabricated GH3625 alloy without sacrificing its ductility.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1959098</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1959098</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Retraction: Fabrication of fibrous materials based on cyclodextrin and egg shell waste as an affordable composite for dental applications]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Retraction</category>
        
        <description></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1911324</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1911324</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of rolling and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of newly designed high-temperature titanium alloy in plate manufacturing]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xiang Yu</author><author>Qinfeng Yuan</author><author>Tao Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The alloy SJ1100, independently developed by Zhejiang Shenji Titanium Industry Co., Ltd, is a new type of lightweight, high-strength, high-elasticity titanium alloy with independent intellectual property rights. Rolled SJ1100 titanium-alloy plates and sheets were manufactured with different processes and parameters, and their microstructure and uniaxial tensile properties were characterized and compared by using metallography, scanning electron microscope, electron backscattering diffraction and tensile tests. The 2-mm sheet annealed at 820 °C for 40 min and straightened at 600 °C for 4 h exhibited the highest yield strength and ultimate tensile strength as well as the lowest ductility, while the 30-mm one annealed at 820 °C for 40 min and aged at 600 °C for 16 h exhibited the lowest yield strength and ultimate tensile strength with the highest ductility. Straightening is thought to be more deleterious to ductility compared with aging. Annealing after straightening decreases the average grain size, lowers the intensity level of texture, and relieves the residual stress of the sheet. A larger plastic deformation results in an energetically more unstable regime, which makes the sheet easier to recrystallize during annealing.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1898949</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1898949</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Mechanical performance and interfacial microstructure of concrete reinforced with alkali-treated rice straw fibers]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yating Zheng</author><author>Jiawen Huang</author><author>Zhibin Ye</author><author>Hongyu Qiu</author><author>Shuiqian Wang</author><author>Xi Mao</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the effects of alkali-treated rice straw fibers on the mechanical performance and interfacial characteristics of concrete. To address the limited understanding of the combined influence of fiber length and dosage in rice-straw-fiber-reinforced concrete, rice straw fibers with lengths of 1, 2, and 3 cm were pretreated in a 2% sodium hydroxide solution and incorporated into concrete at volume fractions of 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7%. Compressive strength was evaluated at 3, 7, and 28 days to characterize early-age strength development and the standard 28-day mechanical performance, whereas splitting tensile strength and flexural strength were measured at 28 days because these tests were intended to assess the mature crack-bridging and toughness-related behavior of the fiber-reinforced concrete. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface morphology of the fibers and the fiber–matrix interface. The results show that the incorporation of rice straw fibers generally decreased compressive strength, although the trend depended on fiber length and dosage. In contrast, fiber addition improved the tensile and flexural performance of concrete. The maximum increase in splitting tensile strength was about 17.4%, and the flexural strength increased by up to 58% compared with plain concrete. Microscopic observations indicated that alkali treatment roughened the fiber surface and improved mechanical interlocking with hydration products, thereby promoting crack bridging and energy dissipation during fracture. This study clarifies the trade-off between compressive-strength reduction and tensile/flexural toughening in alkali-treated rice straw fiber concrete.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1853908</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1853908</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Research on high-cycle fatigue life of pontoon bridge connection joints using improved stress field intensity method]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xiaolong Du</author><author>Haiyuan Wang</author><author>Wenjun Xin</author><author>Lanxing Li</author><author>Zhongfeng Shi</author><author>Jiansheng Cheng</author><author>Richeng Liu</author><author>Wei Han</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Based on the fatigue life data of 30CrMnSiA steel and fatigue tests of pontoon bridge connecting joints, this study improves the stress field intensity approach. In the absence of fatigue life data for smooth specimens, a method for determining the spherical center of the fatigue damage zone in standard notched specimens was established by combining fatigue tests. Consequently, a general method for calculating the stress field intensity radius, applicable to 30CrMnSiA standard notched specimens with arbitrary stress concentration factors, was derived and applied to the pontoon bridge connecting joint, providing a generalizable framework for calculating the field intensity radius of notched components. Subsequently, the stress field intensity of the joint was calculated using ANSYS Workbench software. Factors influencing structural fatigue life, such as size and surface condition, were incorporated, and the model was calibrated based on experimental results to predict the fatigue life of the pontoon bridge connecting joints.The results show that the improved stress field intensity method, which does not require fatigue life data of smooth specimens, significantly extends the applicability of the original stress field intensity approach. The minimum clearance between the single lug and the double lugs in the pontoon bridge connecting joints has a pronounced influence on the location of fatigue failure and the fatigue life of the joints. Under stress-controlled fatigue conditions, the location of the spherical center of the fatigue damage zone in the notched joint can be predicted using the maximum stress amplitude, and the predictions are in good agreement with experimental results. The predicted high-cycle fatigue life of the pontoon bridge connecting joints in the range of 104–105 cycles obtained using this method shows high accuracy, with errors within 10%. The good agreement between predictions and experimental results demonstrates the high practical value of this method. This research provides a practical and feasible scheme for the fatigue life assessment of single-lug and yoke joints.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1909047</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1909047</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Study on temperature field and thermal stress of bridge deck pavement structure based on viscoelastic parameters]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Chao Gao</author><author>Jianteng Huang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Under heavy traffic loading combined with temperature effects, bridge deck pavement structures frequently exhibit a shortened service life, severely compromising both structural integrity and vehicular safety. This study developed a temperature field model for bridge deck pavement, with its reliability validated against published field measurements. Temperature distributions within the pavement layers across various temperature zones were obtained via Abaqus simulations. Prony series parameters for the asphalt mixture were fitted, enabling computation of temperature-induced stresses as a function of climatic variations and analysis of the influences of pavement material properties and structural layer thicknesses on these stresses. Results indicate that the pavement temperature field undergoes periodic fluctuations in response to ambient temperature, with temperatures decreasing progressively with depth. Employing high-thermal-conductivity materials in summer reduces peak pavement temperatures, whereas high-specific-heat-capacity materials in winter elevate minimum temperatures. The temporal variation of temperature-induced stresses mirrors that of the temperature field, with winter stresses significantly exceeding summer values. In summer, surface temperatures (e.g., 62.5 °C in extremely hot zones) are higher than those in lower layers, whereas in winter (e.g., −24.7 °C in severe winter zones), the pattern is reversed, providing a data foundation for thermodynamic analysis.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1871791</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1871791</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Response mechanism of qanat tunnel under high-speed railway subgrade load considering the influence of intersection angle: 3D DEM-FDM numerical study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Gaofeng Pan</author><author>Yanfei Zhang</author><author>Tao Zhou</author><author>Zhongdong Cui</author><author>Ran Tang</author><author>Jianhui Dong</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This paper investigates the three-dimensional mechanism of a qanat tunnel when a high-speed railway alignment traverses a qanat region at an oblique angle, a scenario that differs substantially from the two-dimensional (parallel) case and becomes increasingly complex with varying intersection angles. To address this problem, three-dimensional full-scale coupled Discrete Element Method–Finite Difference Method (DEM-FDM) numerical models are established using FLAC3D and PFC3D for four intersection angles between the railway subgrade and the qanat tunnel axis, namely, 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°, considering both sandy and clayey soils. The ground response is systematically characterized from macro-scale perspectives—including stress distribution, displacement field, tunnel crown settlement, and subgrade centreline settlement—and from micro-scale perspectives, such as inter-particle force chains and particle contact fabric. The key findings are as follows: (1) irrespective of soil type, a larger intersection angle reduces both the extent of subgrade-load influence on the qanat tunnel and the influence of the qanat on subgrade surface settlement; (2) the settlement of the tunnel crown transitions from a uniform distribution at 0° to a characteristic central-peak pattern at larger angles, with the settlements at 60° and 90° being nearly identical; (3) at the micro-scale, the intensity of force chains around the tunnel decreases progressively with increasing intersection angle, while the contact force fabric reveals that the magnitude of vertical contact forces increases with the intersection angle, indicating a higher overall ground bearing capacity; and (4) under identical loading conditions, clayey soil consistently produces smaller displacements and stronger contact force networks than sandy soil, confirming its superior load-resistance capability. These findings provide a three-dimensional mechanistic understanding of qanat–subgrade interaction and offer quantitative reference data for high-speed railway design in qanat regions along the Belt and Road Initiative corridor.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1887801</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1887801</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Optimization of the mechanical properties of concrete using graphite tailings, steel fibers, and nano-silica based on RSM-BBD]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ke Li</author><author>Guanzhe Fa</author>
        <description><![CDATA[As modern civil engineering places increasing demands on concrete materials for high performance and environmental sustainability, the limitations of ordinary concrete in terms of resource consumption and performance enhancement have become increasingly apparent. Currently, the mix design of composite systems incorporating graphite tailings (GT), nanosilica (NS), and steel fibers relies heavily on empirical methods, lacks systematic quantitative optimization, and the mechanisms of synergy among these factors remain unclear, thereby limiting the engineering application of modified eco-concrete. This study employs a Box-Behnken design to systematically investigate the effects of GT, NS, and steel fibers on the 28-day compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete. Combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization to reveal the microstructural mechanisms, the study verifies the optimal mix proportions through model optimization. The results indicate that the effects of all three factors on the mechanical properties of concrete follow a quadratic nonlinear pattern. The strength of the main effects varies: for compressive strength, NS > steel fibers > GT; for split tensile and flexural strengths, steel fibers > NS > GT. Among these, steel fibers were the core dominant factor in enhancing the tensile and flexural properties of concrete (F-values of 1285.31 and 410.88, respectively). At the same time, NS was the dominant factor in improving compressive strength (F = 447.43), and the optimal replacement rate for graphite tailings was approximately 20%. Interaction analysis revealed significant synergistic effects between GT and NS for compressive strength, between NS and steel fibers for split tensile strength, and between GT and NS as well as NS and steel fibers for flexural strength (interaction terms P < 0.05). The comprehensive optimal mix ratio obtained through response surface model optimization was GT 21.79%, NS 1.48%, and steel fibers 1.49%. The measured 28-day compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths reached 58.43 MPa, 6.74 MPa, and 10.82 MPa, respectively. Compared to the reference group, these values increased by 38.43%, 39.54%, and 44.65%, respectively, with the relative errors between the measured values and the model predictions all controlled within 5%. SEM characterization revealed that the cement matrix in the GNS4 and GNS18 groups exhibited significantly higher densification than the reference group. The transition zone at the interface between the steel fibers and the matrix exhibited tight bonding, providing reliable mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding that effectively suppressed crack initiation and propagation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1885940</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1885940</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Diffusion-based inverse design of organ-inspired auxetic metastructure patches]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yingbin Chen</author><author>Bryan Graham</author><author>Xuan Mu</author><author>Shaoping Xiao</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Mechanical compatibility is a critical requirement for therapeutic patches applied to soft tissues and organs, where large deformation, nonlinear mechanical response, and auxetic surface behavior may occur. However, many current organ-patch design strategies rely on prescribed architectures, finite design libraries, or scalar mechanical descriptors, limiting their ability to match coupled tissue-like response profiles. In this study, we develop a diffusion-based multi-objective inverse design framework for organ-inspired auxetic metastructure patches that directly targets both stress–strain behavior and strain-dependent Poisson’s ratio. A finite element dataset containing 2669 parameterized unit-cell geometries from eight auxetic metastructure classes is first generated, with each sample labeled by both mechanical response curves. A convolutional neural network surrogate is trained to predict these responses from binary geometry images, achieving overall test-set R2 values of 0.9998 for stress and 0.9988 for Poisson’s ratio. An unconditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model is then trained to learn the feasible geometry distribution. During inverse design, the trained surrogate is embedded into the reverse diffusion process to provide response predictions and gradient information, thereby steering generated geometries toward prescribed target responses. To address the competing requirements of stress matching and Poisson’s ratio matching, an ε-constraint strategy is incorporated into the guided diffusion process to generate Pareto-compatible candidate sets representing different mechanical trade-offs. A finite element-based secondary screening step is further introduced to evaluate local strain-field restoration around a wound-like defect and select the final design according to an application-dependent repair criterion. A test-set verification case demonstrates that the framework can recover a known feasible geometry while also generating alternative designs with similar mechanical behavior, confirming the one-to-many nature of the inverse problem. Murine lung-inspired and human heart-inspired case studies further show that the proposed workflow can generate organ-inspired auxetic patch candidates and reveal different application-dependent preferences between stress matching and deformation matching. Overall, this work establishes a diffusion-based multi-objective inverse design framework that translates prescribed organ-inspired mechanical targets into final auxetic patch designs while directly considering coupled nonlinear response matching, stress–Poisson’s ratio trade-offs, and local deformation restoration.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1806992</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1806992</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Green biosynthesis of bimetallic silver iron oxide nanoparticles using sclerotinia sclerotiorum and their antimicrobial and anticancer potential]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Reyouf A. Almansour</author><author>Jomanah A. Alghanaym</author><author>Hanan A. Hamdi</author><author>Mays Alshaghdali</author><author>Reham M. Aldahasi</author><author>Hessa O. Aldraiwiesh</author><author>Israa Salem</author><author>Sahar S. Alghamdi</author><author>Aisha M. H. Al-Rajhi</author><author>Afrah E. Mohammed</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionBimetallic nanoparticles often exhibit enhanced physicochemical and biological properties compared with their monometallic counterparts. This study aimed to develop an environmentally friendly fungal-mediated synthesis of silver–iron oxide nanoparticles (Ag-FeONPs) using the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and to evaluate their physicochemical characteristics, antimicrobial activity, and in vitro cytotoxicity.MethodsAg-FeONPs were biosynthesized using fungal biomass and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analysis. Their antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Candida albicans. Cytotoxicity was assessed against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and MCF-10A normal breast epithelial cells.ResultsUV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed nanoparticle formation with a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 416 nm. FTIR analysis indicated that fungal biomolecules participated in nanoparticle reduction and stabilization. DLS analysis showed a narrow particle size distribution (Z-average: 22.3 ± 1.1 nm; PDI: 0.2881 ± 0.006), while the positive zeta potential (+29.95 ± 1.03 mV; n = 3) indicated good colloidal stability. The Ag-FeONPs exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against E. coli, no detectable activity against MRSA, and strong antifungal activity against C. albicans. The nanoparticles also produced dose-dependent inhibition of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with comparatively lower toxicity toward MCF-10A cells. However, the calculated selectivity index indicated limited cancer-cell selectivity.DiscussionThese findings demonstrate that fungal-mediated Ag-FeONPs possess antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities under in vitro conditions. Although the nanoparticles showed promising biological activity, their limited selectivity toward cancer cells indicates that further mechanistic investigations and in vivo studies are required to validate their therapeutic potential.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1880919</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1880919</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Study on the passivation and corrosion behaviors of steel bars in the cements made from high-belite calcium sulfoaluminate (HB-CSA) clinker]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xingmin Zhang</author><author>Hui Li</author><author>Mingfeng Xu</author><author>Jian Zhou</author><author>Ludan Guo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study evaluates the corrosion protection performance of high-belite calcium sulfoaluminate (HB-CSA) cement and granulated blast furnace slag-calcium sulfoaluminate (G-CSA) cement for embedded steel reinforcement under chloride exposure. Steel passivation and corrosion behavior were investigated in simulated pore solutions under chloride-free and chloride-containing conditions, and the long-term corrosion performance of steel bars embedded in cement mortars exposed to 3.5% NaCl solution was further evaluated. The results showed that steel bars immersed in the chloride-free HB-CSA simulated pore solution developed a stable passive state and formed a protective CaCO3 layer on their surfaces, providing superior corrosion resistance compared with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and conventional CSA cement. In chloride-containing simulated pore solutions, the corrosion resistance of HB-CSA decreased; however, the corrosion degree remained lower than that in conventional CSA cement, while OPC exhibited the best protection performance. In contrast, steel bars immersed in the G-CSA simulated pore solution experienced more severe corrosion because of the low alkalinity and high sulfate content of the pore solution. For mortar specimens exposed to a 3.5% NaCl solution, both HB-CSA and G-CSA mortars exhibited lower steel corrosion than OPC mortar owing to their dense microstructures and enhanced resistance to chloride ingress, with G-CSA providing the best long-term protection. These findings demonstrate that the corrosion protection performance of HB-CSA-based cement systems strongly depends on the exposure environment and that improving matrix impermeability is an effective strategy for enhancing the durability of reinforced concrete under chloride attack.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1800938</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1800938</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Constitutive structural response of Concrete Damaged Plasticity model under Willam’s test]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Diego Froio</author><author>Rosalba Ferrari</author><author>Egidio Rizzi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The present work aims to analyze and calibrate the mechanical description of plastic strain-induced anisotropy and damage coupling by the so-called Concrete Damaged Plasticity (CDP) constitutive model, which is rather well known, also since it has become available within popular FEM platforms, such as ABAQUS, and shall reproduce typical features of failure processes in quasi-brittle materials, such as concrete. This is achieved by combining an effective stress-based non-associative hardening/softening plasticity model with an isotropic damage model based on plastic strains, at a smeared continuum scale. In the paper, focusing on the mere elastoplastic coupling for tensile-dominated responses, and introducing an enhanced tuning by setting tensile exponential softening and damage evolutions through a convenient plastic to inelastic strain ratio parameter, by means of an external user implementation, an exhaustive numerical parametrization analysis is performed, starting at a constitutive-driver level, to experiment with the outcomes of the constitutive description and to quantify the amount of material anisotropy induced by plastic deformation, under biaxial elongation/shearing Willam’s test, which prescribes/involves the rotation of the principal axes of strains/stresses. It is shown that the constitutive response is effectively regularized, allowing to fulfil the requirements of Willam’s test, independently of the amount of inherent plastic dilatancy, showing a rather mild presence of plastic-induced anisotropy, at the pure constitutive-driver scale. Furthermore, first extrapolating implications and outcomes at the small (specimen) structural scale are also investigated, with clear appearance of strain localization and related much pronounced plastic-induced anisotropy, in the (imperfection-triggered) macroscopic response, with features that are similar to those coming, for example, from more sophisticated anisotropic damage models, while significant practical applications may subsequently follow, within different structural engineering contexts, such as that of large-scale concrete structures under static and dynamic loading scenarios, toward informed safety assessment and evaluation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1852331</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1852331</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Advancements in metal-dielectric multilayer structures: tailoring for enhanced optoelectronic performance]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Sumitra Choudhary</author><author>Abhishek Sharma</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Dielectric/metal/dielectric (D/M/D) multilayer transparent conductive structures have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) for next-generation optoelectronic applications owing to their ability to simultaneously achieve high optical transparency and low electrical resistance through rational multilayer engineering. Unlike single-component transparent electrodes, D/M/D architectures exploit the synergistic interplay between ultrathin metallic interlayers and dielectric coatings to optimize the charge transport, optical interference, and interfacial stability of the electrode. Recent advances in thickness optimization, interface engineering, defect modulation, and plasmonic design have significantly expanded their applicability in photovoltaics, flexible electronics, photodetectors, transparent heaters, optical coatings, and wearable optoelectronic systems. This review presents a critical and comprehensive assessment of representative multilayer systems, including ZnO/Ag/ZnO, AZO/Ag/AZO, ITO/Ag/ITO, TiO2/Ag/TiO2, Nb2O5/Ag/Nb2O5, Ta2O5/Ag/Ta2O5, and emerging oxide/metal hybrid architectures. Comparative analysis reveals that Ag-based multilayers currently offer the most favourable balance between optical transmittance (>90%) and sheet resistance (<5 Ω/sq), although long-term stability, oxidation resistance, and material cost remain significant limitations of this technology. This review systematically examines fabrication approaches, including magnetron sputtering, sol–gel processing, PECVD, and ion-beam-assisted modification, emphasizing their influence on interfacial quality, scalability, and performance reproducibility. Advanced characterization methodologies, such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Hall measurements, Raman spectroscopy, and UV–visible analysis, are critically discussed to establish structure–property–performance correlations in the multilayer systems. Defect engineering, interfacial electronic modification, and optical bandgap tuning are effective methods for enhancing the performance of these Advanced Materials. Beyond laboratory-scale demonstrations, this review evaluates the industrial translation challenges, including the manufacturing cost, production yield, thickness uniformity, and roll-to-roll compatibility of these devices. Emerging opportunities involving flexible transparent electrodes, tandem photovoltaic architectures, plasmonic photonics, and multifunctional smart coatings are also discussed. Overall, this study provides a critical perspective on the current maturity of D/M/D multilayer technologies and identifies key research priorities, including alternative low-cost metallic interlayers, scalable deposition strategies, and interface stabilization approaches, which are necessary for the practical commercialization of high-performance transparent optoelectronic devices.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1899121</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1899121</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Mathematical modeling of the hot spinning process to improve hydrogen embrittlement resistance of 4142 steel hydrogen storage vessels]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yanli Zhang</author><author>Jing Li</author><author>Jiao Xue</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The manufacturing quality of ultra-high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels directly influences their reliability under hydrogen service conditions. Residual stress distribution and wall-thickness variation introduced during hot spinning affect susceptibility to hydrogen-assisted damage. This study investigates the relationship between hot spinning parameters, stress evolution, and hydrogen embrittlement behavior in ASTM A519 4142 steel vessels through combined numerical simulation and experimental validation. Hot compression tests characterized high-temperature deformation behavior, and an Arrhenius-type constitutive model was developed with a mean absolute error of 7.35%. A thermo-mechanically coupled finite element model incorporating adaptive meshing reduced computational time by 41.2% while improving prediction accuracy. Process optimization identified preferred conditions of 1000 °C forming temperature, 0.03 s-1 strain rate, and 2 mm/s feed rate, yielding uniform wall thickness and reduced stress concentration. Industrial spinning trials confirmed the numerical predictions. Burst testing revealed regional differences in hydrogen embrittlement: the shoulder region showed the highest susceptibility, while the cylinder region exhibited the greatest resistance. These findings highlight the importance of controlling stress concentration during forming to enhance structural integrity. This work provides a reliable material model, efficient simulation framework, and practical guidance for safe manufacturing of ultra-high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1907907</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1907907</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Ultrathin dielectric substrates for high-density wide bandgap power modules ‒ a comparative multiphysics perspective]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Perspective</category>
        <author>Muhammad P. E. Wahyudi</author><author>Douglas C. Hopkins</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Wide-bandgap (WBG) power devices have shifted the packaging challenge from semiconductor performance toward substrate-level thermal, dielectric, mechanical, and integration constraints. This Perspective reframes recent substrate developments as a thickness-driven evolution rather than a simple transition from ceramic to organic materials. Early ultra-thin 3YSZ ceramics demonstrated that ceramic substrates could enter the flexible 20–40 µm range, but their limited thermal conductivity and temperature-dependent dielectric behavior constrained their suitability for high-temperature WBG modules. Highly thermally conductive Epoxy Resin Composite Dielectrics (ERCDs) at 120 µm with Breakdown Voltages (BVbd) > 43 kV/mm expanded the design space by enabling thinner insulating layers, improved manufacturability, copper compatibility, double-sided cooling, and compact three-dimensional module architectures. Applications to high-frequency GaN IPMs reveal that thickness reduction also introduces capacitive-coupling limits, linking thermal benefits to common-mode current, gate-driver integrity, and EMI behavior. Building on this trajectory, recent alumina ribbon ceramic provides a ceramic re-entry pathway: not a return to thick DBC, but an ultrathin 40 µm ceramic platform that combines ceramic stability with ribbon-scale flexibility at >124 kV/mm PDIV. A thickness-based assessment using area-normalized thermal resistance, capacitance, breakdown voltage, thermal capacitance, and minimum bending radius is presented here to position ceramic, organic, and ribbon-based substrates within a shared WBG packaging design space.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1867691</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1867691</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Data-driven prediction and engineering validation of early-age autogenous shrinkage in UHPC]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Shijun Wang</author><author>Teng Tong</author><author>Wenming Zhang</author><author>Meng-En Yue</author><author>Xu Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Early-age autogenous shrinkage remains a major obstacle to the durable use of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), because the response is controlled by coupled mixture, curing, age and restraint effects. This study develops a data-driven prediction workflow from an external database containing 7678 UHPC shrinkage records and nine mixture, mechanical and curing descriptors. Mask-related columns were removed, true zero contents for supplementary cementitious materials and steel fibers were retained, and nonphysical zeros were imputed within each training fold. Pearson analysis showed weak single-variable correlations with shrinkage (|r| < 0.20), confirming the need for nonlinear models. BPNN, RF and XGBoost were evaluated using shuffled five-fold cross-validation and a high-shrinkage-sensitive training workflow. Based on the reported prediction-comparison dataset, RF and XGBoost achieved the strongest global agreement, with R2 values of 0.823 and RMSE values close to 112 με, whereas BPNN gave R2 = 0.774, RMSE = 126.62 με and MAE = 63.95 με. The high-shrinkage tail, uniformly defined as measured shrinkage greater than 1,000 με, remained more difficult: for these 226 records, the mean biases were −109.9, −111.6 and −128.6 με for BPNN, RF and XGBoost, respectively. These results indicate that UHPC shrinkage prediction from literature-derived curve points requires both global accuracy reporting and explicit tail-error checking. The model was further linked to bridge-deck monitoring data to distinguish material-level free autogenous shrinkage from restrained field response.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1861828</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1861828</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Mechanics-guided machine learning for adhesion prediction of defective bioinspired micropillar arrays]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Zirui Ling</author><author>Yue Li</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionRandom interfacial defects introduced during fabrication can degrade the macroscopic adhesion of bioinspired mushroom-shaped micropillar arrays. This study proposes a mechanics-guided machine learning framework for array-level adhesion prediction under small-sample conditions.MethodsThree key mechanical insights derived from single-pillar finite element analysis were explicitly encoded into a 13-dimensional input feature vector. These insights included central-region defect tolerance, the coupled effects of edge-defect radial depth and circumferential length, and dominant-defect control under multi-defect coexistence. Defect parameters were extracted from in situ frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) images acquired from 320 experimentally fabricated arrays. Four models were evaluated: support vector regression (SVR), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), a deep neural network (DNN), and an end-to-end convolutional neural network (CNN) baseline.ResultsXGBoost achieved the best test-set performance, with R2 = 0.9492, RMSE = 0.0479 N, and MAE = 0.0375 N, outperforming SVR (R2 = 0.8783), DNN (R2 = 0.7441), and the CNN baseline (R2 = 0.4582). Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis further identified the fraction of intact micropillars and several edge-defect-related features as the dominant predictors.DiscussionThese results suggest that mechanics-guided feature engineering is a key contributor to accurate prediction under small-sample conditions. The learned feature-importance patterns are consistent with the underlying single-pillar failure mechanics, supporting the physical interpretability of the proposed framework.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1857313</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1857313</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Upconversion nanocomposite for ROS-responsive diagnosis and hydrogen therapy of osteoarthritis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Baohua He</author><author>Jing Yang</author><author>Jin Zhang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease for which no definitive effective treatment currently exists. Therapeutic hydrogen (H2) exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and holds promise for alleviating OA; however, targeted delivery and sustained release of H2 remain challenging.MethodsIn this study, we developed an upconversion nanocomposite for integrated diagnosis and therapy of OA. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) were first synthesized and coated with hydrogen-producing TiO2 to form UCNP@TiO2. A H2O2-sensitive thioketal (TK) linker was then conjugated onto the surface of UCNP@TiO2 to attach a black hole quencher (BHQ), yielding the functionalized nanocomposite UCNP@TiO2-TK-BHQ.ResultsIn the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), cleavage of the TK linker triggers the release of BHQ, thereby restoring the fluorescence of UCNP for real-time reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. Simultaneously, near-infrared (NIR) light activates UCNP@TiO2 to generate hydrogen, which scavenges ROS and promotes the restoration of chondrocyte health.Discussion/ConclusionThe UCNP@TiO2-TK-BHQ nanocomposite thus represents a promising theranostic platform that combines ROS sensing with on-demand H2 therapy, offering an integrated approach for both diagnosis and treatment of OA.]]></description>
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