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        <title>Frontiers in Materials | Structural Materials section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/materials/sections/structural-materials</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Structural Materials section in the Frontiers in Materials journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
        <generator>Frontiers Feed Generator,version:1</generator>
        <pubDate>2026-09-12T06:41:26.562+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1931864</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1931864</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Analysis of resistance to uneven deformation of typical photovoltaic support in coal mining subsidence area]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yulong Chen</author><author>Kai Zhang</author><author>Yuangen Li</author><author>Fuqing Li</author><author>Weisi Dai</author><author>Qiuxin Gu</author><author>Lan Shen</author><author>Liangfeng Ke</author><author>Yan Shen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In this study, the impact of differential settlement in coal mining subsidence areas on the structural safety and operational performance of photovoltaic (PV) support structures was evaluated. Three-dimensional finite element models of fixed, horizontal single-axis tracking and flexible PV support structures were developed in ANSYS. Linear-gradient settlement was selected to represent ground inclination. The load-transfer paths, critical locations, and deformation adaptability of the three support types were compared. The results indicate that for fixed PV support structures, additional internal forces are mainly concentrated in the constrained columns. Mechanical response is strongly affected by both the support–settlement-gradient angle and the foundation constraint layout. The controlling critical inclination ranges from 17.5‰ to 19.2‰. Most load cases are governed by the column-top horizontal displacement limit. For horizontal single-axis tracking PV support structures, the strength-controlled and displacement-controlled critical inclinations are 31.8‰ and 17.5‰, respectively. However, the allowable height difference of the drive system limits the operation-controlled critical inclination to only 2.8‰. For flexible PV support structures, the prestressed steel strands are not the strength-controlled members within the analyzed range. In contrast, the Q235 end columns yield first. At this critical state, the controlling critical inclination is 18.3‰, and the column-top displacements remain within the code-specified limits. Fixed and flexible PV support structures exhibit comparable adaptability to the investigated inclination. In contrast, the horizontal single-axis tracking PV support structure is much more sensitive to foundation levelness and inter-column height differences. These findings provide a case-specific reference for comparing the deformation adaptability of the three investigated PV support systems under the prescribed linear-gradient settlement condition.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1872082</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1872082</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Long-term mechanical and environmental performance of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash as a partial cement replacement in concrete]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Alireza Bahrami</author><author>Marita Wallhagen</author><author>Mathias Cehlin</author><author>Mikael Björling</author><author>Shveta Soam</author><author>Honghao Ren</author><author>Oliver Nexén</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The decarbonization of concrete is an urgent goal in sustainable construction because cement is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Meanwhile, the growing volumes of municipal solid waste (MSW) also require more circular and efficient management strategies. Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWBA), generated during MSW incineration, has potential as a partial cement replacement in concrete. However, its practical use as a cement replacement remains uncertain because its properties vary depending on its source, treatment, and chemical composition. Therefore, both technical performance and environmental safety must be considered simultaneously. This study examined the feasibility of using MSWBA as a partial cement replacement in concrete through an integrated mechanical and environmental assessment. Specifically, the present work focused on the long-term performance of MSWBA-incorporated concrete, with compressive strength evaluated at the curing ages of 90 and 180 days, alongside assessments of leaching behavior and cradle-to-gate CO2 emissions. Five MSWBA samples (denoted B1–B5) were first characterized, of which B3 and B5 were selected for further use in concrete production. The selected MSWBA samples were used in raw and mechanically activated forms at cement replacement levels of 10% and 20% to assess their long-term mechanical performance and environmental implications. The results showed that performance depended strongly on MSWBA type and replacement level, with the 10% replacement mixtures exhibiting more favorable performance. In contrast, the 20% replacement mixtures generally resulted in greater reductions in compressive strength. From an environmental perspective, partial cement replacement reduced cradle-to-gate CO2 emissions by 9.45% at the 10% replacement level and by 19.27% at the 20% replacement level compared with the control concrete (without MSWBA). Leaching tests further revealed increased release of Al, Ba, Cr, Mo, and chloride ions in mixtures containing MSWBA, although the measured concentrations of individual substances remained below the evaluated limits for the tested concrete specimens. The results also indicated that higher replacement levels led to greater environmental concerns than the 10% replacement level, highlighting the importance of controlling the MSWBA content in concrete mixtures. This study demonstrated that MSWBA can contribute to the decarbonization of concrete when suitable MSWBA samples are appropriately selected and utilized, thereby contributing to both a greener construction sector and a more effective approach to MSW recycling.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1947086</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1947086</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Stabilization of water-based drilling cuttings using an alkali-activated GGBS–FA-based composite binder for road construction]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Qiqi Zhan</author><author>Bailin Shan</author><author>Xuejuan Cao</author><author>Yanling Xu</author><author>Lin Wang</author><author>Xiaoyu Li</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Water-based drilling cuttings (WBDC) are generated in large quantities during oil and gas development, but their reuse in road construction is restricted by insufficient bearing capacity, moisture sensitivity, and potential contaminant release. This study developed an alkali-activated GGBS-FA-based composite binder containing cement and sodium silicate to stabilize WBDC for road construction. The optimized binder was evaluated in terms of mechanical properties, water stability, wet-dry and freeze-thaw durability, environmental performance, and microstructural characteristics. At a total binder dosage of 15%, the stabilized WBDC achieved a 28d unconfined compressive strength of 10.17 MPa, a splitting tensile strength of 1.46 MPa, and a water stability coefficient of 94.44%. After nine wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles, the corresponding strength retention ratios were 97.06% and 87.25%, respectively. Stabilization reduced the leachate chemical oxygen demand from 260 to 4 mg/L. SEM-EDS observations showed that products with gel-like and needle-like morphologies progressively coated and connected WBDC particles and improved matrix continuity. The results provide a low-energy route for the large-volume utilization of WBDC and indicate that a 15% binder dosage provides a practical balance between engineering performance and binder consumption for road construction.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1906993</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1906993</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Mortar composites incorporating VO2/MWCNT solid–solid nanophase change material for passive indoor temperature regulation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>J. R. Villegas-Méndez</author><author>C. Y. Fragoso-Fernández</author><author>J. R. González-López</author><author>M. A. Guerra-Cossío</author><author>M. Z. Figueroa-Torres</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as promising materials for improving the thermal performance of building envelopes. In this study, a solid–solid nanophase change material (nanoPCM) composed of vanadium dioxide (VO2) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was synthesized and incorporated into cement mortar at contents ranging from 0.5 to 3 wt%. The effects of nanoPCM incorporation on hydration behavior, microstructure, compressive strength, thermophysical properties (specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, diffusivity and effusivity), thermal regulation capacity and energy saving were investigated. The results revealed a synergistic interaction between VO2 and MWCNTs, reducing the phase transition temperature (Tc) from 72.41 °C to 63.73 °C while increasing thermal conductivity by approximately 3.5 times. The incorporation of nanoPCM slightly increased mortar density and improved long-term compressive strength, with a maximum increase of 24.5% observed at 1 wt% nanoPCM addition. Hydration calorimetry revealed that nanoPCM delayed early-age hydration kinetics without suppressing the overall hydration process. In the mortar composites, nanoPCM incorporation reduced thermal conductivity, diffusivity and effusivity with a slight decrease in the specific heat capacity, resulting in enhanced thermal inertia and delayed heat transfer. Thermal regulation tests confirmed a reduction in temperature fluctuations, while building energy simulations demonstrated annual energy savings of up to 2.23%, depending on climatic conditions. These findings demonstrate that tailoring the thermophysical properties of cementitious materials through VO2/MWCNT solid–solid nanoPCM represents an effective strategy for improving passive indoor temperature regulation and reducing building energy demand without compromising mechanical performance.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1921706</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1921706</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Steel rolling in the age of artificial intelligence: a review]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Nanfu Zong</author><author>Tao Jing</author><author>Jean-Christophe Gebelin</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Driven by recent advances in machine learning, steel rolling is transitioning toward intelligent, data-centric operation. This study presents a unified machine learning framework for predictive, closed-loop quality control of steel strips across hot and cold rolling processes. The model explicitly quantifies the complex, nonlinear effects of key operational parameters, such as rolling force and gap settings, on final product quality. The proposed framework enables real-time monitoring and dynamic compensation of dimensional deviations and shape defects, thereby improving dimensional consistency and process stability. Additionally, a multimodal perception-based system is introduced for early anomaly detection and coordinated parameter optimization, facilitating adaptive setpoint adjustment and proactive defect mitigation. Collectively, these machine learning-driven approaches enhance product uniformity and rolling efficiency while offering a scalable pathway toward more autonomous, resource-efficient, and sustainable rolling operations, aligning with the paradigm of AI-driven sustainable manufacturing.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1888752</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1888752</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Multi-response optimization of mechanical, chemical durability, and microstructural performance of sustainable hybrid fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete incorporating pyrolyzed coffee grounds using RSM]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Amani Abdallah Hepautwa</author><author>Askwar Hilonga</author><author>Fina Lesafi</author><author>Register Mrosso</author><author>Tusekile Alfredy</author><author>Yusufu Abeid Chande Jande</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The use of agricultural waste materials and hybrid fiber reinforcement in concrete offers a sustainable approach for producing high-performance construction materials with improved mechanical properties and durability. This study investigated the mechanical, chemical durability, thermal, and microstructural performance of high-strength concrete incorporating 15% pyrolyzed coffee grounds (PCG) produced at 350 °C as a partial fine-aggregate replacement. Hooked-end steel fibers and alkali-treated banana fibers were used as hybrid reinforcements, while Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to optimize the effects of fiber dosage and steel–banana hybridization ratio. Mechanical performance was evaluated through compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength tests, while durability was assessed under 10% NaCl, 5% HCl, and 5% HNO3 exposure. Microstructural characterization was conducted using SEM/EDX, XRD, and TGA/DTG analyses. The results showed that the combined incorporation of PCG and hybrid fibers enhanced concrete performance through improved crack-bridging, matrix densification, and pore refinement. The optimum mixture, containing 1.25%–1.50% total fiber dosage and a steel-to-banana fiber ratio of 80:20, achieved a compressive strength of 69.6 MPa, splitting tensile strength of 9.0 MPa, and flexural strength of 14.0 MPa. The same mixture exhibited superior chemical durability, with minimum mass losses of 2.45%, 3.90%, and 4.40% under NaCl, HCl, and HNO3 exposure, respectively. Microstructural analyses confirmed a denser matrix, stronger fiber–matrix bonding, reduced pore connectivity, and enhanced hydration-product formation, while TGA/DTG results indicated improved thermal stability. Validation experiments closely matched model predictions, confirming the reliability of the CCD-RSM models. Overall, the synergistic use of pyrolyzed coffee grounds and hybrid steel–banana fibers produced a durable, high-strength, and environmentally sustainable concrete suitable for structural applications in aggressive environments while promoting the valorization of coffee-processing waste within a circular economy framework.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1910551</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1910551</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Metal additive manufacturing for unmanned aerial vehicle propulsion: a narrative review of recent advances in gas turbine systems]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Alberto Boretti</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Metal additive manufacturing (MAM) is revolutionizing the design and production of high-performance components across the aerospace sector. This narrative review examines recent research on gas turbine propulsion systems for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), with a particular focus on the transformative role of metal additive manufacturing (MAM) in enabling lighter, more efficient, and more complex engine architectures. The study analyzes the operating principles, performance characteristics, and applications of turbojet, turbofan, and turboprop engines while highlighting key technological advances in hybridization, cycle optimization, and advanced manufacturing. Particular attention is given to MAM of high-temperature alloys (e.g., Inconel, titanium aluminides) and the integration of topology-optimized lattice structures, internal cooling channels, and monolithic rotors. Recent studies on additive manufacturing (AM) for drone components—including metal-doped plastics, composite filaments, and high-performance polymers—provide complementary insights into material selection, structural integrity, and functional integration that are directly relevant to gas turbine development. The study also incorporates the emerging roles of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in evaluating environmental sustainability and the use of machine learning for advanced fault diagnostics. Drawing on thermodynamic analyses, experimental studies, and modelling efforts, this review identifies current challenges and future directions in MAM for UAV propulsion, and briefly discusses potential cross-fertilization with biomedical AM, where similar challenges in process control, microstructure optimization, and post-processing are being addressed.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1900080</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1900080</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Material design and structural optimization of a High-RAP large-size recycled asphalt-stabilized macadam mixture]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Qunyan Liu</author><author>Wenrui Li</author><author>Wansheng Yang</author><author>Sudi Wang</author><author>Jie Wang</author><author>Wenbo Gan</author><author>Xiaoyu Hu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Semi-rigid asphalt pavement bases are subject to dry shrinkage and thermal shrinkage cracking during the service life and may develop upward and reflect as well. At the same time, a large amount of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is produced during road maintenance, and its resource-efficient use is now urgently needed. Therefore, this study constructed a high-RAP recycled asphalt-stabilised large-size macadam mixture, denoted as RLGATB-40, by adding a large amount of RAP to the large-size aggregate reinforced system. First, a one-step filling method was used to find the ideal blending ratios of RAP fractions at all particle sizes. Then, compressive strength and splitting strength tests were carried out to optimise the content of large-size aggregates, rejuvenator dosage, and virgin asphalt-aggregate ratio. Subsequently, microstructural analysis, dynamic modulus determination and pavement structure modelling in HPDS2017 were carried out to examine the performance of the proposed material from all sides. Based on the above analysis, although the new mixture has a higher dynamic modulus than the old one, the pavement performance will be almost the same. In addition, the degree of compaction, deflection and smoothness of the built test section all met the requirements specified in the contract, and RLGATB-40 is suitable for use as a flexible base material.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1942762</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1942762</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Field-scale performance improvement of ammonia-soda white mud as a waste-derived geomaterial through dewatering and preloading]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jing Tan</author><author>Xiyu Yang</author><author>Tao Xie</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Ammonia-soda white mud (ASWM) is a high-water-content industrial residue generated during soda-ash production. Its large-volume reuse as a backfill geomaterial could reduce long-term stockpiling and the consumption of conventional fill materials; however, its high compressibility, low permeability, and low initial strength restrict direct engineering application. Unlike previous ASWM reuse approaches based mainly on blending, cementitious incorporation, or chemical stabilization, the present study investigated the in situ physical improvement and direct large-volume reuse of an already placed, high-water-content ASWM deposit. This study compared three field-scale dewatering-consolidation pathways for an artificially backfilled ASWM deposit in a coastal port area of Bohai Bay, China: vacuum preloading, surcharge preloading, and surcharge preloading combined with well-point dewatering. Three approximately 2,500 m2 test zones were monitored using surface settlement, layered compression, pore-water pressure, and groundwater-level measurements. Changes in moisture content, wet density, dry density, void ratio, cone tip resistance, and sleeve friction were also evaluated. All three pathways induced consolidation and improved the physical-state and penetration-resistance characteristics of ASWM. Vacuum-induced settlement developed mainly during the first 15–20 days and stabilized at approximately 600 mm, whereas final settlements under surcharge preloading and combined treatment reached approximately 1,260 and 1,670 mm, respectively. The combined treatment produced a maximum layer compression ratio of 13.32%. In the 0–6 m interval, it reduced moisture content from 219.2% to 199.1% and void ratio from 5.264 to 4.700, while increasing dry density from 0.38 to 0.412 g cm-3. Cone tip resistance and sleeve friction increased from 217.8 to 419.9 kPa and from 7.81 to 12.78 kPa, respectively. Under the tested field conditions, surcharge preloading combined with well-point dewatering produced the greatest overall improvement in consolidation response, physical state, and CPT-based penetration resistance among the three evaluated pathways. This site-specific finding supports the field-scale conversion of high-water-content ASWM into a more serviceable waste-derived geomaterial. Environmental safety, long-term durability, energy demand, cost, and life-cycle benefits should be evaluated before broader implementation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1863076</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1863076</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Study on the cooperative supporting effect of a pile-anchor support system in a deep and large foundation pit]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xuemei Zhang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Deep excavations in soft soil often face a conflict between strict deformation control and the need for internal construction space. To explore whether a pile-anchor support system can provide a balanced solution, this study investigates a deep and large foundation pit in Yancheng, China, where SMW retaining piles, a reinforced-concrete bracing level, and two rows of large-diameter jet-grouted anchors were adopted. Three PLAXIS 3D models were established for the pile-anchor-bracing, pile-bracing, and pile-anchor systems under the same excavation conditions, and the numerical results were validated against field monitoring data. The results indicate that all three systems exhibit a bulging deformation mode of the retaining piles, but the deformation pattern of the pile-anchor support system is much closer to that of the pile-bracing system because the bracing member provides a stiffer near-pit restraint and alters the bending-moment distribution of the pile more effectively than the anchors. Compared with the pile-anchor system, the combined system significantly reduces horizontal displacement while preserving more construction space than the pure bracing scheme. The results indicate that the pile-anchor-bracing system provides improved deformation control compared with the single-support systems under the same excavation conditions. The study further clarifies the cooperative mechanism between anchors and bracing members and proposes a normalized comparative indicator for evaluating the synergy effect of combined support systems. The applicability of this indicator is project-dependent and should be further verified in future studies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1883946</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1883946</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Dominant-learner adaptive mixing for concrete compressive strength prediction]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jinjin Wang</author><author>Zhihao Zhao</author><author>Mingjie Han</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Accurate prediction of concrete compressive strength is essential for mixture design, quality control, and the broader use of supplementary cementitious materials in low-carbon construction. Fly ash concrete is particularly challenging to model because its strength development is affected by nonlinear interactions among binder composition, water–binder relationships, admixture dosage, and material characteristics. To address this problem, this study proposes a Dominant Learner with Adaptive Mixing (DLAM) framework for data-driven strength prediction. DLAM uses inner cross-validation to identify the most reliable learner from a pool of machine learning models and introduces a validation-controlled Ridge calibration step to exploit complementary information among candidate predictions. The calibration branch is adopted only when it improves the inner-validation root mean squared error (RMSE), thereby reducing the risk of unnecessary model combination and performance degradation. The framework is evaluated using a leakage-free repeated outer/inner validation protocol on a fly ash concrete dataset and is further examined on an independent public concrete strength dataset. DLAM is compared with individual learners, adaptive model-averaging baselines, and Stacking. The results show that DLAM achieves the lowest mean RMSE among the focused comparators on both datasets, with a clear improvement on the external dataset and a more modest gain on the fly ash dataset. These findings demonstrate that validation-controlled calibration provides a transparent and robust way to enhance machine-learning-based concrete strength prediction, especially when different learners capture complementary aspects of the mixture–strength relationship.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1937980</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1937980</link>
        <title><![CDATA[High-strength geopolymer from thermally activated red mud and the performance regulation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Bing Bai</author><author>Jingjing Liu</author><author>Fan Bai</author><author>Jing Chen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The disposal of red mud (RM), a hazardous industrial residue, has become a global environmental challenge. This study aims to develop a well-performing, high-strength RM-based geopolymer (RG) using RM, fly ash, and granulated blast furnace slag. RM was calcined to maximize its reactivity. Taguchi orthogonal method was employed to systematically investigate the effects of solid ratio, calcination temperature, water-solid (W/S) ratio, alkaline activator modulus, and dosage on the workability, mechanical properties, and bulk density of RG. ANOVA was performed to determine the optimal mix for the mechanical performance of RG. The results indicated that after calcining RM at 800 °C, the 28-day compressive strength of RG increased by 35.99%, reaching 51.11 MPa. The W/S ratio is the primary factor affecting the mechanical properties of RG. Excessive water suppresses the generation of N-A-S-H and C-A-S-H gels, weakening the RG performance.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1924621</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1924621</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Additive lattice cores for lightweight sandwich structures: thermo-mechanical assessment and numerical modelling of PLA-CF]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Gianluca Parodo</author><author>Luca Sorrentino</author><author>Sandro Turchetta</author><author>Giuseppe Moffa</author><author>Silvia Papa</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Lightweight lattice structures based on Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) geometries are promising sandwich-core candidates due to their high stiffness-to-weight ratio and favorable energy absorption characteristics. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) enables the fabrication of these complex architectures using reinforced thermoplastics such as carbon-fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA-CF). During sandwich manufacturing, lattice cores may experience simultaneous thermal and compressive loads arising from adhesive curing and consolidation processes, making their thermo-mechanical stability a critical design requirement. This study investigates the compressive behavior of FDM-manufactured PLA-CF gyroid lattices with 20% relative density under isothermal loading at 20, 50, and 80 °C. Experimental results showed a pronounced temperature-dependent degradation in mechanical performance. The compressive modulus decreased from 84.23 ± 1.76 MPa at 20 °C to 44.89 ± 4.92 MPa at 50 °C (−47%) and 1.60 ± 0.02 MPa at 80 °C (−98% reduction). Similarly, the compressive strength decreased from 2.68 ± 0.06 MPa to 1.17 ± 0.11 MPa (−56%) and 0.049 ± 0.004 MPa (−98% reduction), accompanied by a transition from stable progressive collapse to severe thermal softening above the glass transition region. A finite element model was developed using nominal tensile properties and calibrated through temperature-dependent lattice-scale correction factors identified from the compression tests. The calibrated model reproduced the experimental thermo-mechanical response, providing a practical predictive framework for preliminary manufacturing-oriented assessment and process design of FDM lattice sandwich cores.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1937639</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1937639</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Chloride transport and pore-structure deterioration of OPC and magnesium phosphate cement concrete under sustained water pressure]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Zhen Hu</author><author>Bo Hong</author><author>Sirui Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Estuary ship-lock concrete is exposed to chloride-bearing water and sustained hydraulic pressure, which may accelerate chloride ingress and induce pore-structure deterioration. In this study, the chloride transport behavior and microstructural damage of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete and magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) concrete were investigated under coupled chloride exposure and sustained water pressure, with reference to the service environment of the Qingnian Hub ship-lock along the Pinglu Canal. Multi-stage constant water pressures were applied, and chloride concentration profiles were measured after different exposure durations. X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize pore-structure evolution and microscopic damage. The results showed that sustained water pressure promoted chloride ingress in both concretes by introducing a pressure-induced advective component in addition to diffusion. Within the pressure range of 30–150 kPa, chloride concentration increased with increasing water pressure; the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient (Da) and surface chloride concentration (Cs), derived by fitting the measured chloride concentration profiles, also increased with pressure. Compared with OPC concrete, MPC concrete exhibited lower chloride concentration, smaller penetration depth and lower water-pressure sensitivity. Its chloride penetration depth was approximately 60%–67% of that of OPC concrete, and its apparent diffusion coefficient was approximately 44%–48% of the OPC value. X-CT and SEM results indicated that OPC concrete experienced more evident pore coarsening, increased pore connectivity, microcrack development and interfacial degradation, whereas MPC concrete retained a denser and less connected pore structure. These findings suggest that MPC concrete has potential for improving the durability of estuary ship-lock structures exposed to chloride-bearing water and sustained hydraulic pressure, especially in repair and reinforcement applications.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1924221</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1924221</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Influence of hot-mixed RAP gradation on the design and performance of High-RAP plant-recycled asphalt mixtures]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jinru Zhong</author><author>Jinwei Yang</author><author>Wenkang Qin</author><author>Chong Gao</author><author>Jie Gao</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The high-value utilization of plant-mixed hot recycled asphalt mixtures is important for low-carbon road maintenance. However, conventional mix design usually adopts the extracted gradation of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), which cannot accurately represent the effective gradation contribution of RAP under actual hot-mixing conditions. In this study, an AC-20 recycled asphalt mixture with 50% RAP was investigated. The hot-mixing equivalent gradations of different RAP size fractions were measured under various preheating temperatures, and mixtures designed using extracted gradation and hot-mixing gradation were compared in terms of volumetric properties, optimum asphalt content, and pavement performance. The results showed that RAP was not completely dispersed after hot mixing. For fine RAP, the average deviation degree increased from 21.3% at 25 °C to 25.5% at 150 °C, indicating secondary agglomeration. For coarse RAP, the deviation degree decreased from 24.9% in the initial state to 10.8%–11.3% at 110 °C–130 °C, suggesting that appropriate heating promoted particle dispersion. Overall, 110 °C was identified as the preferred preheating temperature. Compared with the extracted-gradation design, the hot-mixing gradation design reduced the optimum asphalt content from 4.43% to 3.95%. At the common total asphalt content of 4.0%, which was used only as a controlled comparison level, the air voids decreased from 5.0% to 2.8%, the voids in mineral aggregate decreased from 13.7% to 12.8%, and the voids filled with asphalt increased from 63% to 78%. At the same comparison point, Marshall stability increased from 10.5 kN to 19.4 kN. Pavement-performance tests were subsequently conducted at the respective optimum asphalt contents of 4.43% for RAP-EG and 3.95% for RAP-HMG. Under these optimum design conditions, the dynamic stability of RAP-HMG was approximately 56% higher than that of RAP-EG, whereas its fracture energy and tensile strength ratio were slightly lower. Overall, RAP hot-mixing equivalent gradation more realistically reflects the actual particle state during mixing and can provide a more reasonable basis for high-RAP recycled asphalt mixture design, although asphalt content, asphalt film thickness, and cracking resistance should be balanced.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1946019</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1946019</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Correction: Eco-friendly pavement raveling detection based on in-situ data and transfer learning]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Correction</category>
        <author>Juanjuan Wen</author><author>Yi Jiang</author><author>Yi Peng</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1893414</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1893414</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Enhancement of mechanical properties of SLM-fabricated GH3625 alloy by direct microscale laser shock peening without coating]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yazhou Wang</author><author>Xiangfan Nie</author><author>Peiwen Xu</author><author>Congkai Shi</author><author>Haoyu Yuan</author><author>Li Yan</author><author>Rubin Cui</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In this work, microscale laser shock peening without coating (μLSPwC) was applied to the surface of SLM-fabricated GH3625 alloy to enhance its mechanical performance. The effects of μLSPwC on surface roughness, microstructure, residual stress, microhardness, and tensile properties were systematically investigated. The results showed that μLSPwC effectively eliminated most surface manufacturing defects and significantly reduced surface roughness. The average grain size in the near-surface region decreased from 69.04 μm to 41.51 μm. In addition, a compressive residual stress (CRS) layer with a depth of approximately 360 μm and a hardened layer with a depth of about 250 μm were introduced. As a result, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) increased by approximately 1.1% and 8.9%, respectively, while the elongation (EL) remained nearly unchanged, indicating that μLSPwC effectively enhanced the strength of the SLM-fabricated GH3625 alloy without sacrificing its ductility.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1909047</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1909047</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Study on temperature field and thermal stress of bridge deck pavement structure based on viscoelastic parameters]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Chao Gao</author><author>Jianteng Huang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Under heavy traffic loading combined with temperature effects, bridge deck pavement structures frequently exhibit a shortened service life, severely compromising both structural integrity and vehicular safety. This study developed a temperature field model for bridge deck pavement, with its reliability validated against published field measurements. Temperature distributions within the pavement layers across various temperature zones were obtained via Abaqus simulations. Prony series parameters for the asphalt mixture were fitted, enabling computation of temperature-induced stresses as a function of climatic variations and analysis of the influences of pavement material properties and structural layer thicknesses on these stresses. Results indicate that the pavement temperature field undergoes periodic fluctuations in response to ambient temperature, with temperatures decreasing progressively with depth. Employing high-thermal-conductivity materials in summer reduces peak pavement temperatures, whereas high-specific-heat-capacity materials in winter elevate minimum temperatures. The temporal variation of temperature-induced stresses mirrors that of the temperature field, with winter stresses significantly exceeding summer values. In summer, surface temperatures (e.g., 62.5 °C in extremely hot zones) are higher than those in lower layers, whereas in winter (e.g., −24.7 °C in severe winter zones), the pattern is reversed, providing a data foundation for thermodynamic analysis.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1871791</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1871791</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Response mechanism of qanat tunnel under high-speed railway subgrade load considering the influence of intersection angle: 3D DEM-FDM numerical study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Gaofeng Pan</author><author>Yanfei Zhang</author><author>Tao Zhou</author><author>Zhongdong Cui</author><author>Ran Tang</author><author>Jianhui Dong</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This paper investigates the three-dimensional mechanism of a qanat tunnel when a high-speed railway alignment traverses a qanat region at an oblique angle, a scenario that differs substantially from the two-dimensional (parallel) case and becomes increasingly complex with varying intersection angles. To address this problem, three-dimensional full-scale coupled Discrete Element Method–Finite Difference Method (DEM-FDM) numerical models are established using FLAC3D and PFC3D for four intersection angles between the railway subgrade and the qanat tunnel axis, namely, 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°, considering both sandy and clayey soils. The ground response is systematically characterized from macro-scale perspectives—including stress distribution, displacement field, tunnel crown settlement, and subgrade centreline settlement—and from micro-scale perspectives, such as inter-particle force chains and particle contact fabric. The key findings are as follows: (1) irrespective of soil type, a larger intersection angle reduces both the extent of subgrade-load influence on the qanat tunnel and the influence of the qanat on subgrade surface settlement; (2) the settlement of the tunnel crown transitions from a uniform distribution at 0° to a characteristic central-peak pattern at larger angles, with the settlements at 60° and 90° being nearly identical; (3) at the micro-scale, the intensity of force chains around the tunnel decreases progressively with increasing intersection angle, while the contact force fabric reveals that the magnitude of vertical contact forces increases with the intersection angle, indicating a higher overall ground bearing capacity; and (4) under identical loading conditions, clayey soil consistently produces smaller displacements and stronger contact force networks than sandy soil, confirming its superior load-resistance capability. These findings provide a three-dimensional mechanistic understanding of qanat–subgrade interaction and offer quantitative reference data for high-speed railway design in qanat regions along the Belt and Road Initiative corridor.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1887801</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2026.1887801</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Optimization of the mechanical properties of concrete using graphite tailings, steel fibers, and nano-silica based on RSM-BBD]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ke Li</author><author>Guanzhe Fa</author>
        <description><![CDATA[As modern civil engineering places increasing demands on concrete materials for high performance and environmental sustainability, the limitations of ordinary concrete in terms of resource consumption and performance enhancement have become increasingly apparent. Currently, the mix design of composite systems incorporating graphite tailings (GT), nanosilica (NS), and steel fibers relies heavily on empirical methods, lacks systematic quantitative optimization, and the mechanisms of synergy among these factors remain unclear, thereby limiting the engineering application of modified eco-concrete. This study employs a Box-Behnken design to systematically investigate the effects of GT, NS, and steel fibers on the 28-day compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete. Combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization to reveal the microstructural mechanisms, the study verifies the optimal mix proportions through model optimization. The results indicate that the effects of all three factors on the mechanical properties of concrete follow a quadratic nonlinear pattern. The strength of the main effects varies: for compressive strength, NS > steel fibers > GT; for split tensile and flexural strengths, steel fibers > NS > GT. Among these, steel fibers were the core dominant factor in enhancing the tensile and flexural properties of concrete (F-values of 1285.31 and 410.88, respectively). At the same time, NS was the dominant factor in improving compressive strength (F = 447.43), and the optimal replacement rate for graphite tailings was approximately 20%. Interaction analysis revealed significant synergistic effects between GT and NS for compressive strength, between NS and steel fibers for split tensile strength, and between GT and NS as well as NS and steel fibers for flexural strength (interaction terms P < 0.05). The comprehensive optimal mix ratio obtained through response surface model optimization was GT 21.79%, NS 1.48%, and steel fibers 1.49%. The measured 28-day compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths reached 58.43 MPa, 6.74 MPa, and 10.82 MPa, respectively. Compared to the reference group, these values increased by 38.43%, 39.54%, and 44.65%, respectively, with the relative errors between the measured values and the model predictions all controlled within 5%. SEM characterization revealed that the cement matrix in the GNS4 and GNS18 groups exhibited significantly higher densification than the reference group. The transition zone at the interface between the steel fibers and the matrix exhibited tight bonding, providing reliable mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding that effectively suppressed crack initiation and propagation.]]></description>
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