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        <title>Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/mechanical-engineering</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
        <generator>Frontiers Feed Generator,version:1</generator>
        <pubDate>2026-07-29T04:14:24.333+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1898186</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1898186</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Achieving a stable solid-solid friction reduction via hierarchical microtextures]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yayong Wang</author><author>Jining Sun</author><author>Qianhao Xiao</author><author>Xuanyao Wang</author><author>Yongjie Guo</author><author>Mengfan Lv</author><author>Zhenghua Lv</author><author>Songkai Jin</author><author>Jingren Chen</author><author>Lei Zhang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionMicrotextured surfaces can reduce solid‐solid friction through hydrodynamic effects. However, their friction‐reduction performance often deteriorates as the micro‐geometrical features are progressively worn, limiting their tribological stability and long-term applicability.MethodsA hierarchical microtextured surface with multi‐level depth‐to‐diameter ratios was fabricated on SUS304 stainless steel using femtosecond laser processing. Ball‐on‐flat reciprocating sliding tests under PAO10 lubrication were conducted to evaluate the effects of area density, depth‐to‐diameter ratio, normal load, and sliding speed on the coefficient of friction and friction‐reduction stability.ResultsThe hierarchical microtexture enabled staged recovery of the optimized depth‐to‐diameter ratio during progressive wear, thereby repeatedly restoring favorable hydrodynamic lubrication conditions. Compared with the flat surface, the hierarchical microtextured surface reduced the coefficient of friction by up to 22.7%. Compared with the conventional microtexture, it improved the stability of the friction‐reduction effect by 77.1%.DiscussionThe hierarchical design provides a feasible strategy for maintaining stable solid‐solid friction reduction and enhanced tribological stability during progressive wear.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1805205</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1805205</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Design of an optimal economy shift strategy for the power-cycling hydrodynamic mechanical transmission based on matching optimization]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xiaojun Liu</author><author>Changzhao Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[As a stepped transmission device, the power-cycling hydrodynamic mechanical transmission (PCHMT) needs to shift gears to adapt to different types of loader working conditions. During the upshift process, there are issues such as a decrease in transmission efficiency and an increase in engine fuel consumption rate, leading to increased fuel consumption of the vehicle. First, matching optimization design was carried out for the PCHMT and the engine, and the optimal structural parameters of the transmission were determined. Second, under the optimal set of performance indicators, a comparative analysis was conducted on the fuel consumption rate and output power between the PCHMT-engine system and the conventional hydromechanical transmission-engine system. Subsequently, all factors influencing the instantaneous fuel consumption of the vehicle were investigated. Based on this, an optimal economy shift strategy was designed considering the overall efficiency of the powertrain. Finally, the performance of the optimal shift strategies without considering versus with considering the efficiency of the PCHMT is compared. The simulation results demonstrate that although the optimal shift strategy incorporating transmission efficiency fails to ensure the engine operates at its peak efficiency point after shifting, it still reduces vehicle fuel consumption by 3.6%. This verifies the effectiveness of the optimal fuel economy shift strategy developed in this paper.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1905314</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1905314</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Cyclic re-entrant hybrid flow shop scheduling with sequence-dependent setup times in semiconductor manufacturing]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>B. Abinaya</author><author>K. Karthikeyan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Semiconductor production encompasses numerous complex processes, with photolithography being a pivotal stage due to its re-entrant nature in forming multiple layers on silicon wafers. This research examines the cyclic re-entrant hybrid flow shop (CRHFS) scheduling problem with sequence-dependent setup times (SDST), inspired by photolithography applications. This study is, to the authors’ knowledge, the first investigation of SDST within a CRHFS framework in this industrial context. The incorporation of SDST notably improves the technicality of a problem while increasing its practical significance. A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed to minimize the makespan and to represent the system’s layered re-entrant configuration. A modified NEH (MNEH) heuristic is suggested to present improved initial solutions for large instances, and an enhanced iterated greedy (EIG) approach is developed to further refine the solution quality. Computational experiments are conducted on generated datasets to assess the efficacy of the provided methods. The findings demonstrate that while the MNEH and EIG algorithms offer competitive solutions for large instances with noticeably less computational effort, the MILP model performs well for small instances but requires substantial computational time.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1893720</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1893720</link>
        <title><![CDATA[MXene-enabled micro/nanofluidic transport interfaces: ordered nanochannels, hydration regulation, and responsive ion transport]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Haotian Wu</author><author>Zhenhua Liu</author><author>Shengjun Ji</author><author>Peikai Zhang</author><author>Wenyue Si</author>
        <description><![CDATA[MXenes have emerged as promising building blocks for micro/nanofluidic transport interfaces because of their lamellar architecture, hydrophilic surface terminations, solution processability, and high electrical conductivity. Unlike conventional porous membranes, stacked MXene nanosheets can form slit-like nanochannels that confine water and ions within angstrom-to nanometer-scale spaces. Recent advances show that ion transport in MXene channels is governed not only by interlayer spacing, but also by channel alignment, lateral flake size, defect density, surface terminations, hydration structure, and interlayer chemistry. Ordered nanochannels, biomimetic sub-nanochannels, and directionally functionalized channel entrances have enabled improved ion selectivity and permeability. Meanwhile, confined water and cation intercalation can regulate local transport barriers, swelling behavior, and nanochannel stability. Crosslinked networks, hydrogel pillars, and mixed-dimensional assemblies further improve the mechanical reliability of MXene channels under aqueous conditions. In addition, light-responsive, pH-gated, voltage-gated, and electroconductive MXene membranes highlight the potential of dynamic ion transport and flow-responsive interfaces. This mini review summarizes recent progress in MXene-enabled micro/nanofluidic transport interfaces, emphasizing structure–transport–stability–response relationships and future opportunities for MEMS-compatible and device-oriented fluidic systems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1898899</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1898899</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A review of high-consistency assembly and sealing structures for hydrogen fuel cell stacks]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Xueming Gao</author><author>Jingsong Tan</author><author>Xiaobo Huang</author><author>Shuanglong Xu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks require the precise assembly of hundreds of individual cells to achieve practical power output, making high-consistency assembly and reliable sealing critical determinants of electrochemical performance, operational safety, and long-term durability. This review examines the mechanical foundations of stack assembly, emphasizing the pivotal role of clamping force magnitude and contact pressure uniformity across the active area. It systematically analyzes sealing structures, including PEM-wrapped, MEA-wrapped, rigid frame, and direct-compression configurations, alongside gasket materials such as silicone rubber, EPDM, and fluoroelastomers, evaluating their chemical stability, compression set, and degradation mechanisms under acidic and thermal cycling conditions. Furthermore, the review explores the multiphysics coupling between assembly mechanics and sealing performance, addressing manufacturing tolerance propagation, bipolar plate misalignment, thermal-mechanical deformation, and the influence of bolt torque patterns on gas tightness. Intelligent optimization methodologies, including surrogate modeling and multi-objective genetic algorithms, are discussed as enabling tools for enhancing pressure uniformity in large-scale stacks. Finally, future research directions are identified, encompassing in-situ sensing technologies, nanocomposite gasket development, and digital twin frameworks for predictive maintenance, thereby providing a comprehensive reference for advancing the manufacturing reliability of next-generation hydrogen fuel cell systems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1885539</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1885539</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A review of powertrain domain design for new energy vehicles]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Yingshuai Liu</author><author>Xintong Li</author><author>Xiaobo Huang</author><author>Xiaochong Tian</author><author>Jianwei Tan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The powertrain domain serves as the neural command center of new energy vehicles orchestrating the seamless integration of propulsion, energy storage, and thermal management subsystems. This review provides a systematic examination of powertrain domain design, tracing its evolution from distributed electronic control units (ECUs) architectures to highly centralized domain controller paradigms. We analyze critical design dimensions including hardware time-division multiplexing, software modularization based on AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture (AUTOSAR) architecture, atomic service functions, big-data-driven services, and cybersecurity frameworks. Furthermore, we discuss emerging trends such as multi-in-one highly integrated drivetrains, 1000 V high-voltage platforms, 30,000 revolutions per minute (RPM) ultra-high-speed motors, and cross-domain fusion architectures. The findings reveal that powertrain domain controllers have reduced component counts by over 60%, cut costs by approximately 30%, and enabled over-the-air (OTA) upgrade capabilities, fundamentally reshaping the competitive landscape of the automotive industry. Following PRISMA guidelines, this review systematically analyzed 100 publications from Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, SAE Mobilus, and CNKI databases (2019–2025). This paper synthesizes current research advances and identifies future research directions for powertrain domain intelligence.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1842661</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1842661</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A review of intelligent decision-making and planning methods for machining process routes]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Liguo Chen</author><author>Liancheng Zheng</author><author>Mengqi Zhu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Intelligent decision-making and planning for machining process routes play a critical role in bridging product design and manufacturing, with direct implications for machining efficiency, production cost, and product quality. However, traditional process planning relies heavily on manual expertise and is increasingly unable to meet the demands of multi-variety, small-batch, and customized production in intelligent manufacturing. This review examines the main methodological paradigms in intelligent machining process planning, including knowledge-driven, algorithm-optimization-based, data-driven, and hybrid approaches, and discusses their principles, strengths, limitations, and application scenarios. It also reviews the roles of enabling technologies such as model-based definition, knowledge graphs, and digital twins in supporting process knowledge organization, route generation, and dynamic adaptation. On this basis, the current challenges of intelligent machining process planning are analyzed from the perspectives of knowledge representation, optimization robustness, data quality, system integration, and industrial deployment. Finally, future development trends are outlined toward more knowledge-enhanced, adaptive, integrated, and practically deployable planning frameworks. This review aims to provide a concise reference for future research and engineering application in intelligent machining process planning.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1851830</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1851830</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A systematic review of operational risk in outsourced automotive assembly manufacturing in India]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Gajanan S. Rachalawar</author><author>Ujjwal Mishra</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Outsourced assembly-line manufacturing has become important for major automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in India because it supports cost reduction, supplier specialization, and global value-chain participation. However, this model also increases exposure to supplier delays, quality variation, weak coordination, ICT risks, financial instability, and external disruptions. Existing studies discuss automotive supply-chain risk and supplier selection, but limited review-based evidence connects outsourced assembly-line risk with Indian supplier capability, OEM dependence, and global benchmarking. This study aims to systematically review major operational risks in outsourced assembly-line manufacturing to Indian suppliers. A PRISMA 2020-based systematic literature review was conducted with bibliometric analysis and thematic synthesis, identifying 246 records. After removing 36 duplicates, 210 records were screened and 105 studies finally included. The synthesis indicates that delay, supplier, and management risks are the most critical risk categories that were reported. ICT risks, financial risks and external disruptions also strongly affect operational continuity. In the bibliometric results, articles comprised 66.0% and conference papers comprised 23.5%. Engineering contributed 22.6%, business management, 18.8%, and computer science, 15.7%. This review concludes that supplier capability, digital maturity, structured risk ranking, and policy support are necessary for resilient outsourced automotive assembly systems. The study is limited by its review-based design; future research should use primary OEM-supplier datasets, multi-tier supplier surveys, and predictive risk models.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1810068</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1810068</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Interpretable physics-guided data augmentation for rotating machinery using empirical wavelet transform and sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Nima Rezazadeh</author><author>Alessandro De Luca</author><author>Giuseppe Lamanna</author><author>Fawaz Annaz</author><author>Mario De Oliveira</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Data scarcity limits the development of machine-learning-based fault diagnosis systems for rotating machinery, especially under noise and varying operating conditions. This paper presents an interpretable, physics-guided data augmentation framework in which empirical wavelet transform (EWT), time-delay embedding and sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) are combined so that the SINDy-identified equations serve not for prediction or control, but as a compact generative model that is perturbed to produce physically consistent synthetic vibration trajectories. Vibration signals are decomposed by EWT into noise-reduced, fault-sensitive modes, embedded in higher-dimensional state space, and governed by compact equations identified via SINDy. Synthetic trajectories generated by perturbing initial conditions preserve fault-related nonlinear features. The framework is evaluated on an experimental broken rotor bar test rig and a numerical rotor-bearing-disc finite element model. Across torsional loads from 1 to 4 N m and rotational speeds from 85 to 115 rad/s, the method contributes to classification accuracies between 95.6% and 100% using augmented data from 1-3 real observations per fault class. Results indicate that combining adaptive signal decomposition with parsimonious dynamical modelling enables effective data synthesis at 10 dB SNR for the tested rotor systems, offering an interpretable alternative to black-box generative models in similar applications.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1863275</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1863275</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Comprehensive verification and correlation analysis of all factors of line loss data based on machine learning]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Qing Xu</author><author>Weiwu Li</author><author>Zhengying Liu</author><author>Xinying Wang</author><author>Tianshou Li</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionA comprehensive examination is conducted on the distinctive loss patterns within a 10 kV distribution network, and the intelligent detection of abnormal line loss is realized by combining machine learning method.MethodsThe actual line loss data are first preprocessed. The K-means method is enhanced by integrating it with the Canopy algorithm for grouping line loss data. A genetic algorithm (GA)-optimized RBF neural network is then developed for line loss anomaly diagnosis. Finally, principal component regression analysis and the K-value method are applied to investigate the potential factors that are statistically associated with abnormal line loss.ResultsThrough a series of steps, a smart diagnostic system for distribution grid line loss anomalies is deployed, realizing the intelligent detection of abnormal line loss and the investigation of potential factors statistically associated with abnormal line loss.DiscussionThe proposed framework provides a scientific basis for formulating targeted loss management strategies in 10 kV distribution networks.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1913518</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1913518</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Advancements in multiscale characterization and modeling of cardiovascular tissues]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Bruno V. Rego</author><author>Cristina Cavinato</author><author>Justyna A. Niestrawska</author><author>Matthew R. Bersi</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1863941</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1863941</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Stochastic and robust modeling of vibration level attenuation in a column drill]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Aslain Brisco Ngnassi Djami</author><author>Wolfgang Nzié</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Pneumatic column drills are widely used in industrial manufacturing, where vibration significantly affects machining accuracy, equipment durability, and operator safety. This study proposes an uncertainty-aware probabilistic framework for vibration analysis and robust optimization of pneumatic column drilling systems operating under fluctuating industrial conditions. A reduced-order stochastic dynamic model was developed to investigate the influence of parameter variability associated with structural stiffness, damping behavior, spindle rotational speed, and excitation forces on vibration amplification and operational stability. Monte Carlo simulations and Sobol-based global sensitivity analyses identified stiffness and damping variability as the dominant contributors governing stochastic vibration-response dispersion and resonance-sensitive amplification behavior. A robust optimization strategy was subsequently implemented to reduce vibration amplitudes and improve dynamic reliability under uncertain operating conditions. The optimized stochastic configuration reduced the mean RMS vibration amplitude from 2.84 m/s2 to 1.91 m/s2, decreased the response standard deviation by 44.3%, and improved the dynamic reliability index from 1.84 to 2.71. Experimental validation performed on a pneumatic column drill confirmed the physical consistency and predictive capability of the proposed framework, with a mean relative prediction error of 4.6% and a correlation coefficient of 0.94 between stochastic predictions and experimental measurements. These results demonstrate that uncertainty-aware probabilistic methodologies provide a more realistic representation of vibration behavior than deterministic approaches and offer an effective framework for vibration attenuation, reliability improvement, and robust design of pneumatic drilling systems operating under uncertain industrial conditions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1874195</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1874195</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Process-aware spatial material design in laser powder bed fusion of multi-material structures: from material placement to service function]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Rongji Tang</author><author>Changkun Zhang</author><author>Zhenghui Wang</author><author>Liansong Wang</author><author>He Kong</author><author>Shuo Li</author><author>Xianzheng Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has opened a route to multi-material metallic components in which material composition, geometry and local function can be arranged within the same part. Most existing discussions emphasize whether dissimilar materials can be bonded successfully. This article shifts the focus from interface feasibility to process-aware spatial material design. The central question is not only how two materials can be joined, but how their locations, transition paths, local process windows and post-build reliability should be planned together. Multi-material LPBF is discussed as a design-to-manufacturing problem involving material-layout definition, thermal compatibility, powder delivery, local melt-pool control, data representation, simulation and service-oriented qualification. Particular attention is given to graded transitions, intralayer material placement, hybrid metal/polymer or metal/ceramic layouts, machine-learning-assisted parameter selection, powder cross-contamination and application-driven design in biomedical, energy, electronic and aerospace components. The review suggests that future work should move from isolated interface demonstrations toward validated design rules that link material distribution, local microstructure, defects and service performance.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1832735</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1832735</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Study on the dynamic response characteristics of non-uniform ice-shedding from ice-covered transmission lines]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Wangsheng Xu</author><author>Zheng Wang</author><author>Hui Chen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Ice shedding from transmission lines may lead to severe hazards, such as inter-phase short circuits, conductor strand breakage, and even tower collapse. Understanding the dynamic response characteristics during ice-shedding is crucial for ensuring operational and structural safety. In this study, we used the ANSYS finite-element simulation platform to establish a five-span continuous overhead transmission-line model incorporating both conductor and insulator strings to explore the dynamic responses of and factors influencing non-uniform ice-shedding. First, we developed a finite-element model of the transmission line and defined simulation methods for ice accretion and shedding loads. Then, we analyzed the dynamic responses of lines with uniform ice coverage under three non-uniform ice-shedding conditions: left-side shedding, mid-span shedding, and double-end shedding. The results indicate that mid-span shedding leads to the highest ice-shedding jump height and unbalanced tension; the ice cover may shed during temperature fluctuations caused by sunlight or external disturbances and other factors. Finally, we discuss the influences of the ice-shedding condition, span length, and elevation difference between the suspension points of the transmission line on the dynamic responses. Mid-span shedding was found to be the highest-risk scenario, with both the ice-shedding jump height and unbalanced tension in this condition being significantly higher than in the other two scenarios; span length had the most significant impact on the dynamic response of the line, while elevation differences were noted to exacerbate the unbalanced tension; finally, mid-span shedding under centrally concentrated ice accumulation produced the most intense dynamic response.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1839544</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1839544</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Fault diagnosis and prediction of industrial hydraulic pumps based on KOA-CNN-BILSTM model]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ting Zhong</author><author>Weiyi Zhu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[ObjectiveTo overcome the difficulties in feature extraction, hyperparameter determination, and health state evolution prediction in industrial hydraulic pump (IHP) fault diagnosis, this study proposes a hybrid deep learning model that integrates automatic feature learning, temporal dependency modeling, and global hyperparameter optimization.MethodsThe KOA-CNN-BILSTM model combines a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for extracting local vibration features, a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BILSTM) network for capturing forward and backward temporal dependencies, and the Kepler Optimization Algorithm (KOA) for optimizing key hyperparameters (learning rate, kernel numbers, and hidden units). Vibration signals were collected from an axial piston pump test bench under three pressure conditions (10, 15, and 20 MPa) and four health states (normal, plunger wear, valve plate wear, and swash plate looseness), with data preprocessing including outlier removal, normalization, and sliding window segmentation.ResultsThe proposed model achieves 97.6% diagnostic accuracy and 97.2% precision, with RMSE and MAE of 0.138 and 0.095, respectively, outperforming DRSN, TCN, and CNN-Transformer across all metrics. It converges rapidly, reaching 92% accuracy by the 60th epoch. Cross-condition tests maintain accuracy above 92% under all load combinations, demonstrating strong generalization. In wear evolution prediction, early warning is achieved at a wear area of 5 mm2, with final plunger wear probability reaching 95.2%.DiscussionThe KOA-CNN-BILSTM model exhibits comprehensive advantages including fast convergence, high accuracy, robust cross‐condition adaptability, and effective early warning capability. This study provides valuable technical support for intelligent condition-based maintenance of industrial hydraulic systems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1835857</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1835857</link>
        <title><![CDATA[System-level lightweight design of lower-limb exoskeletons: challenges and co-design strategies]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Liancheng Zheng</author><author>Rizauddin Ramli</author><author>Shengkui Yuan</author><author>Mohamad Hazwan Mohd Ghazali</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Wearable lower-limb exoskeletons have emerged as a promising solution for rehabilitation, mobility assistance, and human performance augmentation. However, their practical deployment is limited by lightweight design challenges, particularly the trade-off between structural stiffness and system mass, the increased inertial burden caused by distal mass distribution, and the difficulty of preserving torque transmission under wearable constraints. This mini-review summarizes recent advances in lightweight design from five perspectives: structural architecture, quantitative system mass, dynamic and human-exoskeleton coupled modeling, material selection, and actuation or transmission systems. Approaches such as topology optimization, hybrid architectures, high strength-to-weight materials, remote actuation, Bowden cable transmission, and high torque-density actuation are discussed in relation to these challenges. Overall, lightweight design is identified as a system-level co-design problem requiring coordinated optimization across mechanical structure, actuation, control, and user biomechanics. Future developments are expected to focus on integrated modeling, mechanism-level synthesis, and data-driven methods to improve performance and user adaptability in next-generation exoskeleton systems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1859799</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1859799</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Physics-informed deep learning framework for vibration-based cylinder pressure reconstruction and heat release rate prediction in diesel engines]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jie Zhang</author><author>Yinhui Yu</author><author>Sumin Wu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[To address the cost and reliability issues of cylinder pressure sensors in engine digital twins, this study introduces a vibration-based, physics-informed deep learning method for reconstructing and predicting cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR). Coherence analysis confirmed a strong correlation (>0.8) within the 3,000–8,000 Hz band. We developed PhysFormer, a physics-constrained Transformer model that integrates 1D convolution and attention mechanisms, achieving accurate pressure reconstruction (RMSE = 0.035 bar). For forecasting, PhysFormer-Predict was designed using sliding windows and crankshaft encoding, enabling precise future pressure prediction (RMSE = 0.96 bar). To bypass error accumulation from traditional pressure differentiation, an end-to-end model (PhysHRRFormer-Predict) was built with dynamic frequency attention, directly predicting HRR from vibrations and reducing RMSE by 57% versus stepwise methods. This work provides a cost-effective, reliable single-sensor solution, significantly advancing real-time combustion monitoring for digital twins.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1805479</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1805479</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Multi-sensor fusion control technology and its automation implementation methods for electromechanical servo systems with nonlinear friction]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xiaojin Lu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionComplex mechanical systems are affected by multiphysics coupling, nonlinear friction, and time-varying disturbances, making high-precision automated operation difficult. Directly mapping heterogeneous sensing data to real-time control actions remains challenging.MethodsThis study developed a multi-sensor fusion and adaptive control framework (AFCF) by integrating a Dual-Stream Attention Mechanism (DS-AM) with an improved Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) controller. DS-AM decouples high-frequency vibration and low-frequency current features, while prioritized experience replay and dynamic constraints improve learning efficiency and torque-execution safety.ResultsAt 5 dB noise, AFCF achieved a tracking RMSE of 0.035 mm. For a variable-curvature butterfly trajectory, it limited the maximum contour error to 4.8 μm and estimated surface roughness to 0.52 μm. Under intermittent impact, it reduced energy consumption by 9.62% and peak mechanical acceleration by 45.6%.DiscussionAFCF integrates heterogeneous perception and adaptive control in a closed loop, supporting robust and energy-aware servo control under complex conditions. Further validation with physical hardware and lower-complexity models is required for broader deployment.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1838542</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1838542</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Intelligent fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings based on adaptive feature mode decomposition and TCN-BiGRU-Attention]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mingli Li</author><author>Zhu Yuan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionIn complex working environments and noisy conditions, the vibration signals of bearings are highly non-stationary, and the fault characteristics are easily masked by noise, making it difficult to effectively identify the faults. Moreover, existing methods are relatively sensitive to parameter and working condition changes and lack diagnostic stability.MethodsTo address this issue, a smart fault diagnosis method based on the Time Convolution Network - Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit - Attention Model (TCN-BiGRU-Attention) was proposed. This method uses the Newton-Raphson optimization algorithm to optimize the parameters of the feature mode decomposition, extracts the feature modes, and combines them with the TCN-BiGRU-Attention deep temporal sequence model to achieve multi-scale feature modes and key temporal discrimination.ResultsThe experiments were conducted based on two public datasets - Case Western Reserve University and XJTU-SY, with each group of experiments repeated at least 10 times under the same initial conditions. At the same time, ablation experiments and performance comparison experiments with other advanced methods were carried out. The results show that in the fault identification task, the accuracy of this research method reached 96.32%, which is higher than 89.15% of one-dimensional convolutional neural networks, 91.45% of bidirectional long short-term memory neural networks, and 92.84% of time convolutional networks.DiscussionIn conclusion, this method can achieve high-precision and stable fault diagnosis for rolling bearings, providing an effective intelligent diagnosis solution for engineering applications.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1889702</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1889702</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A comprehensive review on structural design of multi-in-one electric drive systems for new energy vehicles]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Yingshuai Liu</author><author>Xintong Li</author><author>Xiaobo Huang</author><author>Shuanglong Xu</author><author>Jianwei Tan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The structural design of multi-in-one electric drive systems represents one of the most transformative advancements in new energy vehicle (NEV) powertrain engineering, driving the industry from conventional three-in-one configurations toward highly integrated twelve-in-one architectures. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic examination of the structural design evolution, component-level innovations, system-level integration challenges, and future trajectories of multi-in-one electric drive systems. First, the historical progression from three-in-one to twelve-in-one architectures is traced, highlighting the market-driven demand for higher power density (>3.5 kW/kg), greater efficiency (>92%), and reduced volume. Second, component-level structural design is analyzed in depth, covering permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) hair-pin winding technologies, silicon carbide (SiC)-based inverter topologies, and multi-stage reducer configurations. Third, system-level integration challenges—including dual-circuit thermal management, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) under high-frequency switching, and structural reliability validated through CAE-based modal and random vibration analysis—are critically discussed. Fourth, future trends toward domain-controller fusion, intelligent voltage boosting, and bifurcated ecosystem strategies between original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and Tier 1 suppliers are explored. The review employs a systematic search across Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect databases (2012–2025), using keyword-based retrieval with inclusion criteria requiring relevance to structural design, system-level integration, and quantitative performance metrics, to synthesize findings from 30 peer-reviewed journal articles, offering a holistic perspective on how electromagnetic, thermal, mechanical, and control domain synergies define the next-generation of NEV powertrains. This work serves as a reference for researchers and engineers engaged in the structural optimization of highly integrated electric drive systems.]]></description>
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