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        <title>Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering | Biomechanical Engineering section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/mechanical-engineering/sections/biomechanical-engineering</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Biomechanical Engineering section in the Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-05-10T23:17:09.259+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1786263</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1786263</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Advancing musculoskeletal health: bridging basic and clinical research on biomechanical properties of joints, ligaments, tendons, and associated structures]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Xin Jin</author><author>Snehal. S. Shetye</author><author>Mengcun Chen</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2025.1719605</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2025.1719605</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Structural optimization of porous CPC scaffolds and the effect of eliminating the outer wall on mechanical properties for bone regeneration]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Christian Pilekic</author><author>Jörg Lienhard</author><author>Sunil Shetty</author><author>Martin Peter Pichotka</author><author>Hagen Schmal</author><author>Michael Seidenstuecker</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Additive manufacturing was utilized to fabricate rotationally symmetrical scaffolds from CPC, which exhibit sufficient mechanical stability to function as bone replacement and possess sufficient accessible surface area for subsequent release of active ingredients. An existing geometry was further developed for this purpose. The experimental protocol entailed an initial phase of solidification in an atmosphere saturated with water, followed by a post-solidification phase in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS). Furthermore, a pause was inserted after every five layers during three-dimensional plotting, and the green bodies were sprayed with water. The study also investigated the influence of water content on mechanical strength. A comprehensive examination of the test specimens was conducted under macroscopic, microscopic, and mechanical scrutiny. The scaffolds demonstrated an adequate capacity to withstand a load of 2,000 N (N). Subsequent to consolidation in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), there was no observed increase in the maximum tolerated force. At this breaking load, the majority of test series exhibited an average deformation of 5%. The resultant stiffness was measured at 1,100 MPa. Consequently, the samples exhibited a strength level that was lower than that of spongy bone. The investigation revealed that the novel geometry, featuring an open outer ring, exhibited adequate mechanical stability while concomitantly augmenting the surface area accessible from the exterior for subsequent drug release. The advent of mass production with the new geometry is now a possibility.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2025.1703081</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2025.1703081</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Local mechanical characterization of cardiovascular tissues: methods, challenges, and pathways to clinical use]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Dong Qiu</author><author>Dar Weiss</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Cardiovascular tissues exhibit complex mechanical behaviors that are nonlinear, anisotropic, and spatially heterogeneous. These local and regional variations play a critical role in disease initiation, progression, and treatment outcomes, yet conventional approaches often rely on specimen-averaged properties that overlook this heterogeneity. This review highlights recent advances in local mechanical characterization, spanning experimental methods, imaging-based assessments, and computational strategies. Traditional mechanical tests, such as uniaxial, biaxial, and indentation methods, remain foundational but assume uniform material properties. Surface-based techniques, particularly digital image correlation, now enable high-resolution full-field strain mapping in vitro and even intraoperatively, while volumetric approaches—including ultrasound, Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)—extend characterization to through-thickness and into in vivo settings. Digital volume correlation (DVC) further enhances these modalities by extracting three-dimensional internal displacement fields, though its use in cardiovascular tissues is still emerging. To translate these data into clinically relevant metrics, inverse methods such as the Virtual Fields Method (VFM) and inverse finite element analysis (iFEA) are used to estimate region-specific constitutive parameters. Emerging machine learning and physics-informed frameworks further accelerate model selection, parameter identification, and uncertainty quantification. Despite significant progress, major challenges remain in image quality in dynamic in vivo environments, uncertain boundary conditions, computational costs, and the lack of standardized protocols. Future progress will rely on integrating multimodal imaging, robust inverse modeling, and physics-informed machine learning into reproducible pipelines capable of generating patient-specific mechanical maps. Ultimately, local characterization holds the potential to transform risk prediction, medical device optimization, and personalized treatment planning in cardiovascular medicine.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2025.1688242</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2025.1688242</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Material in silico adaptation and validation of an ovine heart model for blunt cardiac trauma applications]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-11-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Patricia K. Thomas</author><author>Olivia Rutherford</author><author>Fang-Chi Hsu</author><author>F. Scott Gayzik</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionBlunt cardiac trauma (BCT) is seen throughout high-velocity blunt thoracic trauma, and while it is considered to be low prevalence, it often leads to fatalities. The finite element ovine thorax model (FE-OTM) was developed to investigate high-velocity blunt trauma and the resulting injuries; however, it has a simplified cardiac geometry that does not consider cardiac muscle nor differences in chamber behavior.Methods This study seeks to improve upon the heart within the FE-OTM v2 through the additions of more anatomically correct mesh geometry with muscle fiber directionality and material constitutive models for each chamber that considers hyperelasticity and anisotropy. Newly added regions with improved material models included the right and left atria, the right and left ventricles, and the septum.Results and DiscussionThe ventricles and septum were made of hexahedral solid elements that included myocardial fiber directions, whereas the atria were made of quadrilateral elements due to the lack of anisotropy in literature. The final cardiac geometry included about 21k nodes, 53k elements, 13 individual parts, and 10 constitutive material models. The heart was then implemented into the existing model and re-validated based on peak forces using a subject-specific simulation matrix. A paired t-test was conducted to quantitatively validate the model, where p = 0.85, signifying that the model and experimental forces were similar. The FE-OTM v3 with the updated heart geometry and materials can be used in future work focusing on BCT risk.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2025.1531864</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2025.1531864</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Structural analysis of the hip joint using segmentation and finite elements in patients with femoroacetabular impingement]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Felipe Castillo</author><author>Cristian A. Hernández-Salazar</author><author>Octavio A. González-Estrada</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Musculoskeletal disorders pose a significant challenge due to their profound impact on mobility and quality of life. Among these, cam-type femoroacetabular impingement stands out for its effect on femoral head morphology, causing joint pain and limiting movement. This study explores the biomechanical consequences of cam-type impingement through comprehensive analysis using computed tomography (CT) scans. Advanced 3D segmentation performed with 3D Slicer software enabled precise three-dimensional hip joint models. Mechanical properties, including Young’s modulus and density, were directly derived from CT data and integrated into finite element models developed in Ansys. The simulations assessed the hip joint’s response during flexion and abduction, replicating dynamic conditions commonly encountered in daily activities. Results demonstrated that cam-type impingement leads to elevated stress concentrations and altered contact patterns. Abduction generated the highest strain values, reaching 0.0578 mm/mm, while flexion induced greater relative changes, with up to a 22.72% variation between healthy and affected joints. These findings provide critical insights into joint mechanics under pathological conditions, underscoring the potential of biomechanical modeling for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic interventions. By identifying stress concentration zones, the study highlights the utility of finite element models in designing improved surgical techniques and targeted rehabilitation protocols, ultimately advancing treatment outcomes for patients with femoroacetabular impingement.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2025.1505969</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2025.1505969</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Numerical evaluation for SLAP type II tear in shoulder abduction applying the finite element method]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-04-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Maria de la Luz Suarez-Hernandez</author><author>Guillermo Urriolagoitia-Sosa</author><author>Beatriz Romero-Ángeles</author><author>Francisco Carrasco-Hernández</author><author>Jacobo Martínez-Reyes</author><author>Francisco Javier Gallegos-Funes</author><author>Erick Velázquez-Lozada</author><author>Martin Ivan Correa-Corona</author><author>Jesus Manuel German-Carcaño</author><author>Guillermo Manuel Urriolagoitia-Calderón</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The shoulder joint in the human body is a complex anatomical structure composed of diverse biological tissues that connect and stabilize the joint. This complexity allows the shoulder to perform a wide range of movements and develop specific skills compared to other joints. However, activities such as heavy lifting, forceful jerks of the arm, rapid or aggressive movements of the arm above the shoulder, or sports activities involving repetitive motions can lead to a shoulder labral tear. This injury, known as superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) type II tear, damages the joint, weakens its stability, and limits its motion. The tear diagnosis is based on physical examination tests such as the O'Brien test, the Jobe relocation test, or the internal impingement sign. This research evaluated the shoulder joint from a biomechanical perspective by applying the finite element method to a virtual complex shoulder joint biomodel and analyzing the main elements of the joint, including the bones (cortical and cancellous), ligaments (labrum and joint capsule), and articular cartilage. The main objective was to analyze the effects of loading on the labrum and joint capsule tissues by applying an external load on the humerus, simulating the shoulder abduction movement, and obtaining stress and von Mises stress results. A case study of a healthy shoulder joint structure is developed for comparison. Subsequently, a biomodel modification is proposed to virtually represent the SLAP type II tear in the labral tissue, allowing for numerical analysis of the three-dimensional biomodel. This study investigated the regions of the labrum and capsule most susceptible to tears in the presence of a SLAP type II tear. The labrum does not effectively deepen the socket of the humeral head in the glenoid cavity, resulting in increased mobility of the humeral head. The simulation result is shown to align with observations noted in clinical practice.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2025.1535013</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2025.1535013</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Parameter optimization of the notched blade spiral fertilizer discharger for pineapple orchards based on DEM]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-02-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Guoqiang Dun</author><author>Quanbao Sheng</author><author>Xinxin Ji</author><author>Hailiang Li</author><author>Chunyu Ma</author><author>Xinming Li</author><author>Haitian Sun</author><author>Luhan Wang</author><author>Chao Ma</author><author>Zhenzhen Yu</author><author>Hongxuan Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionIn order to improve the fertilizer-discharging uniformity of the traditional spiral fertilizer distributor and achieve precise and controllable fertilization, based on the agronomic characteristics of fertilization in pineapple orchards, a notched-blade spiral fertilizer discharger with the mechanism of discontinuous-blade sliding-cutting and pushing-pore fertilization is innovatively designed.MethodsBased on parametric modelling and determining the volume of fertilizer accommodation of the spiral, the theoretical fertilizer-discharging amount of the fertilizer discharger is determined in combination with theoretical analysis. The main factors influencing the fertilization performance of the spiral fertilizer discharger are analyzed using theoretical calculation formulas. The discrete element method is used to simulate the fertilizer-discharging process. By comparing simulation experiments, it is determined that the notched-blade spiral fertilizer discharger has better uniformity than the traditional one. The effects of the number and shape of periodic notched blades on the fertilizer-discharging uniformity are analyzed through single-factor experiments. The L9 (3⁴) orthogonal table is adopted for conducting orthogonal simulation tests.ResultsThe test results show that the primary and secondary order of the influence of test factors on test indexes is blade notch shape and periodic blade notch number. When the blade notch is a sector, and the periodic blade has three notches, the fluctuation coefficient of fertilizer discharge uniformity is 27.01%. The results of the bench test show that the uniformity fluctuation coefficient of the notched blade spiral fertilizer discharger is 27.42% when the rotating speed is 60r/min. The experimental and simulation values are consistent. Moreover, the fluctuation coefficient of the spiral fertilizer discharger is reduced by 64.86 percentage points compared with that of the spiral fertilizer discharger under the same conditions. Moreover, the fluctuation coefficient of the notched blade spiral is 64.86% lower than that of the spiral fertilizer discharger under the same conditions. Based on different rotational speeds, the fitting curve of fertilizer discharge is y = 2.02x + 23.02.ConclusionThe fertilizer discharge can be controlled by adjusting the rotating speed. It improves the controlled accuracy and uniformity of fertilizer application and achieves the goal of green and sustainable development of the pineapple industry in the tropics. The research results can provide a reference for designing and optimizing spiral fertilizer dischargers.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2024.1481933</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2024.1481933</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Bridging high resolution sub-cellular imaging with physiologically relevant engineered tissues]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-11-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Yasaman Kargar Gaz Kooh</author><author>Nathaniel Huebsch</author>
        <description><![CDATA[While high-resolution microscopic techniques are crucial for studying cellular structures in cell biology, obtaining such images from thick 3D engineered tissues remains challenging. In this review, we explore advancements in fluorescence microscopy, alongside the use of various fluorescent probes and material processing techniques to address these challenges. We navigate through the diverse array of imaging options available in tissue engineering field, from wide field to super-resolution microscopy, so researchers can make more informed decisions based on the specific tissue and cellular structures of interest. Finally, we provide some recent examples of how traditional limitations on obtaining high-resolution images on sub-cellular architecture within 3D tissues have been overcome by combining imaging advancements with innovative tissue engineering approaches.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2024.1392616</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2024.1392616</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Surrogate-based worst-case analysis of a knee joint model using Genetic Algorithm]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-07-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Adam Ciszkiewicz</author><author>Raphael Dumas</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification is generally recognized as a standard for assessing the credibility of mechanical models. This is especially evident in biomechanics, with intricate models, such as knee joint models, and highly subjective acquisition of parameters. Propagation of uncertainty is numerically expensive but required to evaluate the model reliability. An alternative to this is to analyze the worst-case models obtained within the specific bounds set on the parameters. The main idea of the paper is to search for two models with the greatest different response in terms of displacement-load curve. Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm is employed to effectively explore the high-dimensional space of uncertain parameters of a 2D dynamic knee model, while Radial Basis Function surrogates reduce the computation by orders of magnitude to near real-time, with negligible impact on the quality. It is expected that the studied knee joint model is very sensitive to uncertainty in the geometrical parameters. The obtained worst-case knee models showcase unrealistic behavior with one of them unable to fully extend, and the other largely overextending. Their relative difference in extension is up to 35% under ±1 mm bound set on the geometry. This unrealistic behavior of knee joint model is confirmed by the large standard deviation obtained from a classical sampling-based sensitivity analysis. The results confirm the viability of the method in assessing the reliability of biomechanical models. The proposed approach is general and could be applied to other mechanical systems as well.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2024.1373545</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2024.1373545</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The role of muscle forces in neck comfort for static seating: a pilot study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-04-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Obidah Alawneh</author><author>Basaam Rassas</author><author>Xianzhi Zhong</author><author>Jason Xi</author><author>Reza Faieghi</author><author>Fengfeng Xi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Aircraft seats play a key role in the competition between aircraft companies seeking to differentiate themselves in terms of passengers’ inflight experience. The seat design process relies on computational and experimental methods based on subjective measures, such as comfort rating questionnaires, and objective comfort indicators of seat-occupant interaction, such as contact pressure distribution and muscle activation. Previous studies around muscle activity for seating comfort assessment have primarily focused on more active scenarios or active systems. As such, there are limited studies about the role of muscle force in normal and relaxed sitting conditions, common in aircraft settings. This paper explores the relationship between activities of the neck muscles, sternocleidomastoid, and upper trapezius, measured from human participants seated sedentarily on conventional business aircraft seats and their perceived comfort with different backrest inclinations. The results show, for normal seating without neck pillow, no significant association is found between the backrest inclination and the neck’s comfort or muscle activation. For general seating across different backrest inclinations, a positive medium correlation between muscle activation and comfort is found in upper trapezius (R = 0.5332, p = 0.0187). This work serves as a pilot study of this new approach of comfort evaluation using muscle feedback in seat designing processes and highlights the posterior’s effect to seating experience in the neck region.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2024.1360743</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2024.1360743</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Optimizing PEEK implant surfaces for improved stability and biocompatibility through sandblasting and the platinum coating approach]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-03-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Afrah Faadhila</author><author>Mohamad Taufiqurrakhman</author><author>Puspita Anggraini Katili</author><author>Siti Fauziyah Rahman</author><author>Delly Chipta Lestari</author><author>Yudan Whulanza</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Polyether–ether–ketone (PEEK) is a commonly employed biomaterial for spinal, cranial, and dental implant applications due to its mechanical properties, bio-stability, and radiolucency, especially when compared to metal alloys. However, its biologically inert behavior poses a substantial challenge in osseointegration between host bone and PEEK implants, resulting in implant loosening. Previous studies identified PEEK surface modification methods that prove beneficial in enhancing implant stability and supporting cell growth, but simultaneously, those modifications have the potential to promote bacterial attachment. In this study, sandblasting and sputter coating are performed to address the aforementioned issues as preclinical work. The aim is to investigate the effects of surface roughness through alumina sandblasting and a platinum (Pt) sputtered coating on the surface friction, cell viability, and bacterial adhesion rates of PEEK material. This study reveals that a higher average surface roughness of the PEEK sample (the highest was 1.2 μm obtained after sandblasting) increases the coefficient of friction, which was 0.25 compared to the untreated PEEK of 0.14, indicating better stability performance but also increased bacterial adhesion. A novelty of this study is that the method of Pt coating after alumina sandblasting is seen to significantly reduce the bacterial adhesion by 67% when compared to the sandblasted PEEK sample after 24 h immersion, implying better biocompatibility without changing the cell viability performance.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1286304</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1286304</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Dual-mode 3D printed dynamic wrist driven orthosis for hand therapy exercises]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-11-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ayu Gareta Risangtuni</author><author>S. Suprijanto</author><author>Yul Yunazwin Nazaruddin</author><author>Andi I. Mahyuddin</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The primary objective of the Dual-mode Dynamic Wrist Driven Orthosis (D-WDO) is to facilitate wrist-hand therapy exercises for patients with varying levels of residual muscle function. This dual-mode D-WDO system comprises two main components: the orthosis structure and the soft pneumatic actuator (SPA). All system components were designed and produced using Computer Aided Design (CAD) software and the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing technique. The D-WDO’s structure is constructed from PLA (Polylactic Acid), while the SPA is made from TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane) filament. The D-WDO can be operated in passive or active mode by attaching or detaching the SPA from the structure. This D-WDO system is particularly suitable for patients with a minimum MMT level between 2 and 3, as it provides assistance for wrist movement and supports repetitive wrist motion to enhance wrist muscle function. However, it is important to note that the operation and performance of the dual-mode D-WDO system may vary depending on the chosen system configuration. The active D-WDO’s performance demonstrates its ability to achieve the necessary wrist flexion angle for a functional wrist joint, especially in the context of daily activities.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1185231</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1185231</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A critical review of experimental analyses performed on animals, post-mortem human subjects, and substitutes to explore primary blast-induced Traumatic Brain Injuries]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-07-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Natacha Elster</author><author>Johanna Boutillier</author><author>Pascal Magnan</author><author>Pierre Naz</author><author>Rémy Willinger</author><author>Caroline Deck</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Although blast-induced Traumatic Brain Injury (bTBI) has become a signature wound of conflict, its cause is not yet fully understood. Regarding primary blast injuries, i.e., those caused by the propagation of shock waves in the body, four direct and two indirect injury mechanisms have been mainly proposed in the literature. Since numerous authors have exposed instrumented animals, Post-Mortem Human Subjects (PMHS), and head substitutes to blast conditions, the aim of this review is to classify them in terms of threat, instrumentation, and investigated mechanisms. In the first part, data are collected from 6 studies on PMHS, 1 on primates, 11 on rodents, and 6 on swine for comparison purposes. Peak amplitudes of reflected pressures, intracranial pressures and cranial strains are extracted and analyzed to establish trends. Despite the small number of comparable studies, several similarities can be highlighted. Indeed, the analyses revealed a dose-response effect for most measurements. The results also depend on the orientation of the subject (forward, backward, and sideways) for the PMHS, primates, and swine. The second goal of this review is to evaluate the behavior of substitutes developed to replace PMHS experiments. Shell strains and internal pressures are thus collected on 19 geometric and anthropomorphic substitutes to assess whether they faithfully represent a human head. The results showed that these substitutes are for the most part not properly designed and therefore cannot yet reliably replace PMHS experimental data.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1232643</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1232643</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Investigating the lap shear adhesion of coir and glass-fibre reinforced epoxy bonding to mild steel with varying volume fractions]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-07-18T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ayedh Eid Alajmi</author><author>Talal Alsaeed</author><author>Jasem Ghanem Alotaibi</author><author>Jayanth Kumar Srelam</author><author>Belal F. Yousif</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Bonding synthetic fibres to metals to improve strength, durability, and corrosion resistance is a prevalent practise in the automotive, marine, and aerospace industries. Lap shear adhesion, a measurement of the bonding strength between composites and metallic substrates, is essential for structural integrity. The emergence of natural fibre composites as sustainable alternatives to synthetic composites makes it essential to investigate their lap shear behaviour and the effect of fibre volume fraction on composite properties. This research investigates the adhesion behaviour of coir and glass fibre epoxy composites to mild steel. Coir fibres, which are known for their resilience and tenacity, were treated with an alkaline solution to improve their adhesion to the resin. Samples of lap shear adhesion were prepared in accordance with ASTM specifications, and tests were conducted using a tensile machine. Increasing the volume fraction of coir or glass fibres decreased the bond strength, as demonstrated by the results. Due to the fibres’ greater tensile strength and rigidity, glass fibre composites exhibited superior strength. However, under tensile loading conditions, coir fibres exhibited superior adhesion to mild steel surfaces. SEM micrographs confirmed that coir composites exhibit shear failure while glass composites exhibit fibre pull-out behaviour. This study concludes by highlighting the engineering potential of coir fibres, considering their natural properties and cost-effectiveness. It is necessary to further optimise the fiber-matrix interface and comprehend the mechanical behaviour of coir composites in order to maximise their effectiveness. To assure the long-term durability of composite-metal joints, surface preparation, adhesive type, application procedure, and environmental conditions must also be considered. At a content percentage of 10%, glass fibres exhibited 100% higher shear strength compared to coir fibres in epoxy composites. Conversely, coir fibres at 10% content demonstrated approximately 75% greater shear strength than the values obtained with 40% glass fibres. The failure mechanisms observed are delamination or fibre fracture in the bonding area under tensile and shear loading. Increasing the fibre volume fraction reduces bond strength. Factors such as limited space for the matrix, tension concentrations, and the mechanical properties of the fibres contribute to weakened bonds. Glass fibres have better strength and rigidity than coir fibres, affecting load transfer and adhesion. Interfacial bonding is crucial, and maintaining it becomes more difficult with higher fibre volume fractions, resulting in weakened bonds.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1215895</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1215895</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Numerical simulation of the effect of geometric parameters on silicone airway stent migration]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-07-06T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Maryam Mazraehei Farahani</author><author>Arman Bakhtiyari</author><author>Saed Beshkoofe</author><author>Abdolmohammad Kajbafzadeh</author><author>Arda Kiani</author><author>Amir Hossein Eskandari</author><author>Majid Baniassadi</author><author>Mostafa Baghani</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Recently, endotracheal stenting has become critical in treating respiratory diseases. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in recent years, many patients had stenosis because of long-term intubation, and silicone stents can be used to treat tracheal stenosis in these patients. Standard airway stents are silicone tubes that provide immediate relief but are prone to migration. In this work, we design different silicone stents and analyze them in the trachea to evaluate silicone airway stents’ performance to overcome undesired migration. A finite-element model of the trachea was employed to evaluate anti-migration forces in each stent. The geometry of the trachea is brought from a computerized tomography scan of the chest of a 68-year-old healthy man. The results are shown based on the least migration of stents based on anti-migration forces. Also, the conditions of stent placement have been considered based on two different assumed friction factors, and the importance of choosing the type of silicone for stent construction has been analyzed. The results show that increasing the diameter of the stent reduces the displacement and migration of it in the trachea. Furthermore, the 23 mm stent with a 45° angle revealed the best implementation against compression under the impact of respiratory pressure differences.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1211250</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1211250</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: The mechanobiology of collagen remodeling in health and disease]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-05-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Ehsan Ban</author><author>Benjamin R. Freedman</author><author>Lucas Robert Smith</author><author>Rebecca G. Wells</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1152930</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1152930</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Design and characterize of kirigami-inspired springs and the application in vertebrae exoskeleton for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis brace treatment]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-03-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Qiwen Emma Lei</author><author>Jing Shu</author><author>Junming Wang</author><author>Hoi Yan Cheung</author><author>Jason P. Y. Cheung</author><author>Wing Fai Wong</author><author>Sanders Cheuk Yin Lau</author><author>Joanne Yip</author><author>Raymond K. Y. Tong</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a common condition that affects children between the age of 10 and young adulthood. Rigid brace treatment is an effective treatment to control the progression of spinal deformity. However, it limits mobility and causes discomfort, which leads to low treatment compliance. In this study, we developed and characterized a kirigami-inspired CT/MRI compatible spring that could be employed to modify our previously designed exoskeleton hinge vertebrae to provide immediate in-brace correction, good wear comfort, and one that does not inhibit mobility simultaneously. Additive manufacturing has drawn significant interest in academic and industrial terms due to its ability to produce geometrically complex structures. The structural design and dimension of the proposed 3D printed kirigami-inspired springs were optimized with the finite element method (FEM). The carbon-fiber-reinforced nylon material (PA-CF) was selected as the material of the kirigami-inspired spring with the balance of printing easiness and performance of the material. The stiffness of designed kirigami-inspired springs varied between 1.20 and 42.01 N/mm. A case series study with three scoliosis patients has been conducted to investigate the immediate in-brace effect on reducing the spinal curvature and asymmetry of the body contours using radiographic examination. The experiment results show that there are 4.6%–50.5% improvements in Cobb angle for different sections of spines. The X-ray images proved that our kirigami-inspired springs would not block views for Cobb angle measurements.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1060580</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1060580</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Design of artificial vascular devices: Hemodynamic evaluation of shear-induced thrombogenicity]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-02-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Thomas Feaugas</author><author>Gwenyth Newman</author><author>Silvia Tea Calzuola</author><author>Alison Domingues</author><author>William Arditi</author><author>Constance Porrini</author><author>Emmanuel Roy</author><author>Cecile M. Perrault</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Blood-circulating devices such as oxygenators have offered life-saving opportunities for advanced cardiovascular and pulmonary failures. However, such systems are limited in the mimicking of the native vascular environment (architecture, mechanical forces, operating flow rates and scaffold compositions). Complications involving thrombosis considerably reduce their implementation time and require intensive anticoagulant treatment. Variations in the hemodynamic forces and fluid-mediated interactions between the different blood components determine the risk of thrombosis and are generally not taken sufficiently into consideration in the design of new blood-circulating devices. In this Review article, we examine the tools and investigations around hemodynamics employed in the development of artificial vascular devices, and especially with advanced microfluidics techniques. Firstly, the architecture of the human vascular system will be discussed, with regards to achieving physiological functions while maintaining antithrombotic conditions for the blood. The aim is to highlight that blood circulation in native vessels is a finely controlled balance between architecture, rheology and mechanical forces, altogether providing valuable biomimetics concepts. Later, we summarize the current numerical and experimental methodologies to assess the risk of thrombogenicity of flow patterns in blood circulating devices. We show that the leveraging of both local hemodynamic analysis and nature-inspired architectures can greatly contribute to the development of predictive models of device thrombogenicity. When integrated in the early phase of the design, such evaluation would pave the way for optimised blood circulating systems with effective thromboresistance performances, long-term implantation prospects and a reduced burden for patients.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1049659</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1049659</link>
        <title><![CDATA[In vitro responses of human dermal fibroblasts to mechanical strain: A systematic review and meta-analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-02-06T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>L. van Haasterecht</author><author>C. Dsouza</author><author>Y. Ma</author><author>H. I. Korkmaz</author><author>Y. de Jong</author><author>J. C. F. Ket</author><author>P. P. M. van Zuijlen</author><author>M. L. Groot</author><author>S. V. Komarova</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In vitro research in the field of mechanotransducive regulation of dermal fibroblasts is characterized by highly variable methodology and contradictory results. The primary objective of this systematic review was to establish how in vitro mechanical stretch affects human dermal fibroblast function, by means of a quantitative synthesis of all available evidence. The secondary objectives were to examine the effects of covariates related to donor age, fibroblast origin, experimental treatments, and mechanical stimulation parameters on dermal fibroblast responsiveness to mechanical strain. Summary outcomes for fibroblast proliferation and collagen production were combined using a fixed-effects meta-analytical model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to investigate the effects of different conditions on the summary outcomes. Mechanical strain was found to not affect fibroblast proliferation in neonatal fibroblasts, while adult fibroblasts proliferation was significantly increased. Collagen production was significantly increased in response to mechanical stimulation, with Vitamin C stimulation as the most important covariate. Stretching frequency emerged as positively associated with fibroblast proliferation and negatively associated with collagen production. We conclude from this study that distinct differences exist in the effects of mechanical stretching between dermal fibroblasts from neonatal and adult donors, which will help to further elucidate the pathophysiological mechanism behind tension-induced scarring.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1079887</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2023.1079887</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A scoping review of the additive manufacturing of mandibular implants]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-01-25T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Rochmad Winarso</author><author>Rifky Ismail</author><author>Paulus Wisnu Anggoro</author><author>Jamari Jamari</author><author>Athanasius Priharyoto Bayuseno</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Bone disease and fractures are among the health issues that are becoming more prevalent year after year. A mandibular disorder is caused by an accident or disease to the largest and strongest bone in the human face. Because the natural healing process of mandibular bones takes a long time, a bone grafting procedure is used to speed up the patient’s recovery. Due to the limitations of bone grafting processes such as autographs, allographs, and xenografts, bone replacement is being developed using biomaterials via 3D printing. The purpose of the review was to evaluate research on the use of 3D printing in the replacement of mandible bones. The search algorithm found as many as 2,941 articles at the start of the search and 123 articles after initial selection. Up to February 2022, the Scopus electronic database was used to conduct the literature search. This research includes publications that employ 3D printers, additive manufacturing, or finite element analysis to build or analyze mandibular implants. Paper topics in engineering, materials science, biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, medicine, dentistry, chemical engineering, and computer science are included in this study. Papers in physics, astronomy, and energy, book chapter document types, papers reviews, and documents in languages other than English were excluded from this study. After an initial screening that included the year, publication stage, source type, and language, as many as 70 articles were obtained, and after filtering titles and abstracts obtained 55 articles. After the full-text selection was obtained, 32 articles were included in this review. Some articles were unacceptable because the topics discussed were unrelated to mandibular bone scaffolds. As a result, the field of additive manufacturing for the repair and reconstruction of mandibular defects necessitates the development of novel tools and methodologies. A customized biological scaffold can be created using an appropriate 3D printing process based on the characteristics of various mandibular defects, allowing it to be perfectly matched to the defect region and reducing stress, thereby improving the scaffold’s healing function.]]></description>
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