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        <title>Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering | Solid and Structural Mechanics section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/mechanical-engineering/sections/solid-and-structural-mechanics</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Solid and Structural Mechanics section in the Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-08-08T22:55:31.203+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1882001</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1882001</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Fabrication and mechanical characterization of Al6061/Mg/TiB2 hybrid metal matrix composites]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>H. S. Manjunatha</author><author>G. Mallesh</author><author>B. Suresha</author><author>Dayanand M. Goudar</author><author>K. Raju</author><author>Deesy G. Pinto</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This work explores the synthesis and thorough characterisation of Al6061-based hybrid metal matrix composites made by stir casting Al6061 alloy with 1.5 wt% Mg as the matrix material and reinforced with different TiB2 contents (3–12 wt%). Microstructural analysis using SEM and EDS confirms the relatively uniform distribution of reinforcements at lower TiB2 loadings, while higher contents promote particle clustering and agglomeration. XRD analysis verifies phase stability of the Al6061 matrix and the successful in-situ formation of TiB2 without undesirable secondary phases. Mechanical evaluation reveals significant enhancements in microhardness, tensile strength, and impact toughness up to an optimal reinforcement level of 9 wt% TiB2. Beyond this threshold, mechanical performance deteriorates due to defect formation associated with particle agglomeration. A typical strength–ductility trade-off is observed, with increasing TiB2 content leading to reduced elongation and fracture resistance. However, intermediate reinforcement levels achieve a balanced combination of strength and toughness through mechanisms such as effective load transfer and crack bridging. The findings underscore the critical influence of particle dispersion and interfacial bonding in tailoring the mechanical performance of HMMCs for advanced structural applications.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1863941</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1863941</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Stochastic and robust modeling of vibration level attenuation in a column drill]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Aslain Brisco Ngnassi Djami</author><author>Wolfgang Nzié</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Pneumatic column drills are widely used in industrial manufacturing, where vibration significantly affects machining accuracy, equipment durability, and operator safety. This study proposes an uncertainty-aware probabilistic framework for vibration analysis and robust optimization of pneumatic column drilling systems operating under fluctuating industrial conditions. A reduced-order stochastic dynamic model was developed to investigate the influence of parameter variability associated with structural stiffness, damping behavior, spindle rotational speed, and excitation forces on vibration amplification and operational stability. Monte Carlo simulations and Sobol-based global sensitivity analyses identified stiffness and damping variability as the dominant contributors governing stochastic vibration-response dispersion and resonance-sensitive amplification behavior. A robust optimization strategy was subsequently implemented to reduce vibration amplitudes and improve dynamic reliability under uncertain operating conditions. The optimized stochastic configuration reduced the mean RMS vibration amplitude from 2.84 m/s2 to 1.91 m/s2, decreased the response standard deviation by 44.3%, and improved the dynamic reliability index from 1.84 to 2.71. Experimental validation performed on a pneumatic column drill confirmed the physical consistency and predictive capability of the proposed framework, with a mean relative prediction error of 4.6% and a correlation coefficient of 0.94 between stochastic predictions and experimental measurements. These results demonstrate that uncertainty-aware probabilistic methodologies provide a more realistic representation of vibration behavior than deterministic approaches and offer an effective framework for vibration attenuation, reliability improvement, and robust design of pneumatic drilling systems operating under uncertain industrial conditions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1854200</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1854200</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effect of Nb on the microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation behavior of Ti-46Al-xNb alloys]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Shiqiu Liu</author><author>Xuesong Xu</author><author>Hongsheng Ding</author><author>Shenghang Xu</author><author>Xing Li</author><author>Changqing Hong</author><author>R. V. Ramanujan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The effect of Nb content on the microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation behavior of Ti-46Al-xNb alloys was studied by thermodynamic phase diagram calculation and experiments. Our results showed that with the increase of Nb content from 0 to 9 at%, the degree of segregation of Ti-46Al-xNb alloy became larger and the dendritic morphology was more prominent. The compressive strength first increased and then decreased with Nb content increasing. The maximum value of compressive strength of 2,517 MPa was observed for the Ti-46Al-7Nb alloy, the corresponding fracture strain was 35.4%. The isothermal oxidation results at 800 °C/100 h showed that the weight gain of oxidation significantly decreased for greater Nb content. For Nb content exceeding 5 at%, the mass gain is below 0.44 mg/cm2, which is much lower than that of the TNM-B1 and Ti4822 alloys. The oxidation mechanism of TiAl-xNb alloys is further elucidated, demonstrating that the addition of Nb reduces the size and increases the density of TiO2 oxide particles, thus greatly improving the oxidation resistance.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1869741</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1869741</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Fatigue life prediction of flexible spacecraft solar arrays under multi-source loading via a physics-informed dual-stream neural network]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-25T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Minghang Li</author><author>Hanwen Pu</author><author>Xingzhi Yang</author><author>Geng Chen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionFlexible spacecraft solar arrays are subjected to multi-source thermo-vibro-mechanical loading in orbit. High-fidelity finite element analysis (FEA) is computationally prohibitive in high-cycle fatigue workflows. Purely data-driven surrogates are prone to overfitting in limited-data regimes and lack constraints rooted in basic mechanical principles. To address these challenges, this paper proposes Phy-Dual-Net, a physics-informed dual-stream neural network for multi-source fatigue life prediction.MethodsA dataset of 450 loading cases is constructed using FEA. Rainflow counting is applied to each load sequence to extract dominant stress cycles, to which Goodman mean stress correction is then applied to compute a physics-informed feature Sphy, embedding a physically grounded damage reference into the network input. An asymmetric dual-stream architecture is adopted: one stream captures cyclic loading effects from a temporal perspective, while the other aggregates macroscopic statistics to constrain fatigue damage accumulation. A hybrid loss function combining data-driven regression with physics-based regularization and a monotonicity penalty guides the network to obey fundamental fatigue damage laws.ResultsOn the testing set (N=135), Phy-Dual-Net, enhanced by test-time augmentation and deep ensemble inference, achieves R2=0.9966 with every prediction confined within the factor-of-two scatter band. Across five independent training runs, the model yields R2=0.9904±0.0010 with stable convergence.DiscussionCompared with the computational cost of high-fidelity FEA, Phy-Dual-Net reduces the expense of fatigue life evaluation while preserving physically consistent responses across the full fatigue life range.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1872059</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1872059</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Simulation research on temperature rise laws of pantograph sliders based on thermo-electro-mechanical multi-field coupling]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Chang Wei</author><author>Lin Weng</author><author>Lin Chen</author><author>Zixuan He</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionWith the continuous increase in operating speeds and current-carrying capacities of urban rail transit systems, thermal failure of pantograph contact strips during current collection has become an increasingly prominent issue. This study investigates the influence of operational parameters on the temperature field distribution and evolution process of the contact strip, thereby providing data references for its optimal design under working conditions.MethodsTaking the QG-120(B) type single-arm pantograph commonly used in metro Type B vehicles as the research object, a transient temperature rise simulation model of the pantograph–catenary system was constructed using ABAQUS finite element software based on thermo-electro-mechanical coupling theory. A three-factor, four-level orthogonal experiment was designed by considering traction current, normal load, and operating speed. Range analysis was then introduced to quantitatively evaluate the influence weight of each factor on the maximum temperature of the contact strip.ResultsThe simulation results indicate that, within the selected range of operating conditions, the maximum temperature of the contact strip exhibits a significant nonlinear relationship with each influencing factor. By calculating the mean values and corresponding ranges of each factor at different levels, traction current was found to have the greatest influence on temperature rise, followed by normal load and sliding speed.DiscussionThis study preliminarily reveals the variation trends of contact strip temperature rise under different operating parameters and identifies the optimal operating condition for the lowest average temperature within the specified parameter range: a normal load of 20 N, a traction current of 200 A, and an operating speed of 80 km/h. The results provide useful data support for the thermal response analysis and operating condition optimization of pantograph contact strips.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1860081</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1860081</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A double-gated recurrent unit neural network for contact force prediction in pantograph-catenary systems]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-16T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Hanlei Wang</author><author>Dingyang Zheng</author><author>Wenyi Yan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The numerical simulation of pantograph-catenary systems is of paramount importance and normally conducted using finite element analysis (FEA), which are computationally intensive due to the complexity of temporal-spatial coupling nature. To address this limitation and facilitate faster simulation, this paper introduces a surrogate modeling approach based on a time-series neural network to predict the contact forces of different pantograph-catenary systems. The proposed machine learning model uses FEA simulated results as the training dataset, which are labelled appropriately. Specifically, a double-gated recurrent unit (D-GRU) neural network is constructed by extending the traditional neural network structure, enabling it to effectively process non-sequential input data and accurately predict the system’s sequential physical response. This design leverages the gated recurrent unit’s (GRU) efficiency in handling sequential data, enhancing the model’s performance. In comparison with the best-performing GRU models from other networks, D-GRU demonstrates a 2.2% increase in R2, along with 3.9% and 3.0% decreases in RMSE and MAE, respectively. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the surrogate model’s performance, focusing on its prediction accuracy and potential for integration into pantograph-catenary optimization design workflows.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1865030</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1865030</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Key factors governing bending fatigue behavior and its evaluation methods in metal additive manufacturing: a review]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Rongji Tang</author><author>Zainuddin Sajuri</author><author>Peikai Zhang</author><author>Yunfeng Qi</author><author>Yuedong Zou</author><author>Zhenhua Liu</author><author>Shaoqing Wang</author><author>Xianzheng Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Bending fatigue is one of the key issues in evaluating the service reliability of metal additively manufactured components. Unlike conventional wrought materials, metal additive manufacturing processes introduce materials with a complex thermal history, microstructural heterogeneity, build-orientation-dependent anisotropy, and multiscale defect distributions during fabrication. These characteristics make such materials particularly sensitive to surface roughness, near-surface porosity, and residual stress–factors exacerbated by the surface-concentrated cyclic stress gradients inherent in bending. Consequently, damage mechanisms in bending differ significantly from axial fatigue, directly reflecting surface-dominated crack initiation. From this perspective, this review examines the effects of processing conditions, build orientation, post-processing treatments, and life assessment methods on the bending fatigue behavior of metal additively manufactured materials, with particular emphasis on how these factors govern crack initiation and early crack propagation by altering surface condition, defect morphology and spatial location, and local stress response. In addition, the major limitations of current research in terms of test comparability, standardized evaluation, and bending-specific fatigue life models are discussed. This work aims to provide a framework for reliable design, performance optimization, and engineering application of metal additively manufactured components.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1865181</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1865181</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Mechanics-informed physical-field regulation in lithium batteries: interfacial flux, reaction pathways, and structural stability]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Haotian Wu</author><author>Xinran Li</author><author>Wenxiang Du</author><author>Chao Jin</author><author>Xiaoming Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[High-energy lithium batteries are limited not only by electrode materials and electrolyte chemistry, but also by coupled transport, reaction, and mechanical instabilities at dynamic interfaces. Non-uniform ion flux, lithium dendrite growth, interfacial contact loss, heterogeneous conversion reactions, and thermal–mechanical stress are strongly affected by the physical boundary conditions imposed during fabrication and operation. This mini review therefore re-examines physical-field-assisted lithium batteries from a mechanics-informed perspective. Magnetic fields are discussed in terms of electrode/electrolyte alignment, ion-flux regulation, and spin-assisted reaction kinetics. Light fields are reviewed for photo-assisted Li–O2, Li–CO2, and Li–S batteries, with emphasis on carrier separation and reaction-pathway control. Mechanical pressure, acoustic waves, pulsed-current protocols, and thermal fields are further analyzed as strategies for stabilizing interfaces, regulating lithium nucleation, and reducing structural degradation. Unlike conventional summaries focused mainly on electrochemical performance, this review highlights how external physical fields act as controllable boundary conditions that influence stress redistribution, contact stability, dendrite-induced fracture, and deformation compatibility. Practical issues, including field strength, energy consumption, added mass, stack pressure, cell format, and application-specific trade-offs, are also discussed to clarify which strategies are realistically scalable for future lithium batteries.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1836323</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1836323</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Polymer-regulated silicon–electrolyte interfaces in solid-state lithium-ion batteries: interphase chemistry, stress accommodation, and contact stability]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Xianzheng Liu</author><author>Xinran Li</author><author>Yueyue Yu</author><author>Nashrah Hani Jamadon</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Silicon is widely regarded as one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation solid-state lithium-ion batteries because of its ultrahigh theoretical capacity and low lithiation potential. However, its practical application remains hindered by severe volume variation, unstable interphase evolution, and progressive loss of solid–solid contact during cycling. In recent years, polymer electrolytes have emerged not only as ion-conducting media, but also as active regulators of interfacial chemistry, lithiation behavior, stress accommodation, and contact preservation. This mini review discusses recent progress from the perspective of silicon–electrolyte interface stabilization. First, the structural and interfacial challenges of silicon are outlined to clarify why electrolyte design alone cannot solve the silicon problem. Second, electrolyte-driven interphase chemistry is summarized, with emphasis on LiF-rich and Li2SOx-rich interphases, chemically anchored interfaces, and regulated lithiation pathways. Third, polymer-enabled mechanical stabilization is examined, including infiltration, self-healing networks, stretchable conductive frameworks, and ceramic/polymer reinforcement. Finally, integrated architectures, quantitative performance comparisons, and low-stack-pressure operation are discussed as key steps toward practical devices. Overall, stable cycling in silicon/polymer solid-state batteries requires the coupled regulation of chemical compatibility, mechanical adaptability, continuous ion transport, and interfacial contact retention.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1826322</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1826322</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Building seismic optimization using tuned viscous mass dampers]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yongbin Jia</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionBuilding seismic optimization plays a key role in ensuring structural safety and functionality. Existing technologies show limited multi-objective coordination and face difficulties in parameter adjustment when dealing with complex structures and extreme seismic conditions.MethodsThis study proposes a comprehensive seismic optimization technique that combines Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with Tuned Viscous Mass Dampers (TVMD), and integrates Wavelet Transform Support Vector Machine (WT-SVM) and Deep Belief NetworkAdaptive Weighting Mechanism (DBN-AWM), ultimately constructing the DBNAWM-WPPT (DAWPT) seismic optimization technique for buildings. This technique first uses WT to decompose seismic ground motions at multiple scales and extract dominant frequency band features. Then, SVM is used to establish a predictive surrogate model for damping performance under nonlinear conditions. DBN-AWM deeply integrates high-dimensional seismic features from multi-dimensional monitoring data and dynamically adjusts the fitness weights of multiple objectives. Based on this, PSO uses the control parameters of TVMD as decision variables to perform collaborative iterative optimization under simulated seismic conditions, ultimately outputting a parameter configuration scheme that balances seismic activity suppression, economic cost, and structural stability.ResultsExperimental results show that the DAWPT technique achieves an optimization convergence efficiency of 97.23%, a response spectrum matching degree of 97.23% within the 0.one to two Hz seismic wave input frequency band, and a multimodal vibration control synchronization rate of 95.45% in actual high-rise office building tests, all significantly better than the comparative methods.DiscussionThis technology effectively improves the multi-objective optimization efficiency and seismic adaptability of complex buildings under extreme conditions, providing efficient and reliable technical support for seismic design.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1834452</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1834452</link>
        <title><![CDATA[From thin-film to high-loading silicon anodes: buried interfacial contact instability in all-solid-state batteries]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Xianzheng Liu</author><author>Nashrah Hani Jamadon</author><author>Xinran Li</author><author>Rongji Tang</author><author>Liancheng Zheng</author><author>Xiangjun Ren</author><author>Haotian Wu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Silicon is one of the most attractive anode materials for all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) because of its high theoretical capacity, low lithiation potential, and abundance. Over the past 2 decades, silicon-anode research in ASSBs has evolved from thin-film model systems to nanostructured three-dimensional electrodes, powder-pressed composite architectures, integrated nanosheet-based cells, and, more recently, high-loading application-oriented designs. Despite this progress, one challenge persists across all of these formats: the buried silicon/solid-electrolyte interface remains highly susceptible to contact instability and progressive degradation during cycling. Unlike liquid-electrolyte systems, where electrolyte wetting can partially compensate for local structural change, ASSBs rely on persistent solid–solid contact for ionic transport. Repeated silicon expansion and contraction can therefore induce local debonding, stress concentration, interphase evolution, and ionic-transport bottlenecks. This mini-review discusses buried interfacial contact instability as the unifying bottleneck across different silicon-anode configurations in ASSBs. The architectural evolution of representative systems, the electrolyte-dependent manifestation of interface degradation, major mitigation strategies, and remaining research gaps are summarized. Particular emphasis is placed on how the field has shifted from demonstrating silicon feasibility in model cells to stabilizing buried interfaces under practically relevant conditions. Future progress will depend on integrated strategies that simultaneously address stress accommodation, interphase stability, ionic continuity, electrolyte–silicon compatibility, and scalable high-loading electrode architecture under industry-relevant testing conditions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1829987</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1829987</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Influence of strings on the propagation of bending energy in beams]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mu Chen</author><author>Xuesong Zhang</author><author>Ronghui Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Structural dynamics does not account for the process of energy transmission within a structure, which limits its application to super-large bridge structures. Unlike previous studies, this research employs energy distribution analysis. A combined beam-string structure, simulating a cable-stayed or suspension bridge, is used to analyze the law of energy transfer. Displacement consistency and internal force continuity are applied to establish the governing equations, which are then solved using the incident wave method. Finite element simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical predictions of energy distribution ratios. The results indicate that as the incident wave frequency increases, the proportion of energy transmitted into the string decreases, thereby reducing its energy diversion effectiveness. This study reveals that the string plays a highly effective auxiliary role in resisting low-frequency energy generated in the main beam by forces such as wind and earthquakes. Furthermore, a larger inclination angle between the string and the main beam significantly enhances the energy diversion capability of the string.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1824947</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1824947</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Analysis of the stress performance of steel-concrete structures in prefabricated buildings]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mo Chen</author><author>Jie Gao</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionWith the widespread application of prefabricated buildings, steel-concrete structures have also received more research.MethodsThis paper mainly analyzed the performance of bolt-connected steel-concrete structures under stress. Components B1 and B2 with concrete slab widths of 600 mm and 450 mm respectively were designed, with all other parameters being the same. Then, loading tests were carried out on the two components to analyze their performance under stress.ResultsIt was found that the B1 component showed better stress performance, with a limit load of 296 kN, which showed an increase of 16% compared to B2, and the surface strain of both components gradually increased from both ends to the loading point.DiscussionThe results demonstrate the good performance of bolt-connected steel-concrete structures, providing some references for their practical application.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1818168</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1818168</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The preparation and properties of fibers based on V-HDPE/R-HDPE mixtures with different mass ratios]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xiaoguang Tian</author><author>Xiaoyang Li</author><author>Jiameng Yang</author><author>Syazwie Adam Sapihi</author><author>Gan Jet Hong Melvin</author><author>Bih Lii Chua</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In order to explore how different mass ratio combinations of virgin high-density polyethylene (V-HDPE)/recycled high-density polyethylene (R-HDPE) affect fibre and print quality, this study conducts a series of analyses. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a process used for fibre preparation investigation; it is possible to include five groups of ratios between R-HDPE 100% and V-HDPE 100%. The process of filament extrusion is supplemented with optical microscope observation. This helps establish a correlation between the composition and microstructure of any bio-based or crude oil-derived material; thus, it achieves a bio-based or crude oil-derived derivative. The diameter uniformity is tested; tensile strength is evaluated; printing parameters are optimized. The tensile strength of the filament reaches the maximum value (25.7 ± 1.1 MPa) when the mass ratio of V-HDPE40%/R-HDPE60%; it is higher than 38.2% that of pure R-HDPE (18.6 ± 0.8 MPa). The tensile strength of the V-HDPE60%/R-HDPE40% system stands at 24.3 ± 1.0 MPa; it rises by 30.7% against pure R-HDPE and still outperforms pure V-HDPE and low-proportion mixed systems. The average fibre diameter remains consistently within the range of 1.86–1.90 millimeters (mm) when the V-HDPE content is between 20% and 40%. Controlling the diameter to within ±0.05 mm improves the layers’ adhesion. In contrast, the V-HDPE100% group has a distinct diameter with weak interlayer adhesion. The results show that the strength of the composites increases with the rise of V-HDPE content; it reaches the maximum at 40% V-HDPE. This means that the properties of 3D printing fibers manufactured from recycled materials can be improved by controlling the mixing and printing parameters; this makes it easy to develop sustainable composite materials for aerospace and automobile manufacturing.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1781909</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1781909</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Defect-controlled fatigue mechanisms of LPBF 316L stainless steel: a mini-review]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Rongji Tang</author><author>Zainuddin Sajuri</author><author>Anfu Guo</author><author>Xianzheng Liu</author><author>Yuedong Zou</author><author>Shaoqing Wang</author><author>Feng Li</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) enables rapid fabrication of 316L stainless steel (SS 316L) with complex structures, but its rapid solidification and layer-by-layer deposition inevitably induce defects, such as pores and lack of fusion (LOF), severely restricting fatigue performance. This mechanics-focused mini-review summarizes recent research on the fatigue performance of SS 316L, focusing on the interaction mechanism between defect characteristics and the principal normal stress. The effects of build orientation and processing parameters on defect features are discussed, and the mechanisms by which defects influence fatigue under low-cycle fatigue (LCF), high-cycle fatigue (HCF), and various loading modes (tension, bending, and torsion) are compared. Furthermore, this review discusses the mechanisms and limitations of different post-processing methods, including heat treatment (HT), hot isostatic pressing (HIP), and surface treatments.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1815704</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1815704</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Novel beam analogy model for force distribution analysis in abrasive water jet machining]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Marta Harničárová</author><author>Leonard Dütsch</author><author>Jan Valíček</author><author>Milan Kadnár</author><author>Hakan Tozan</author><author>Milena Kušnerová</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundAbrasive water jet (AWJ) machining is a common technology in modern manufacturing due to its ability to cut any material without causing heat damage. However, many existing models require material-dependent calibration constants, making them impractical.ObjectiveThe current study proposes a beam analogy model that treats microscopic surface details as cantilever beams subjected to a constant load of the abrasive jet.MethodsBased on Bernoulli-Navier beam theory, we propose a general material parameter Kawj=1012/Emat2 to link material cuttability with Young’s modulus. The experiment conducted 750 trials over 10 different materials (Emat = 45–210 GPa) and then combined the results with Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN), along with sensitivity and dimensional analyses. The outcome revealed the model to be in strong agreement with the experimental results, with R2 values of 0.94 for surface roughness and 0.91 for jet lag. Adding the PINN component improved the model’s predictive ability to R2 = 0.97, yet it remained physically valid when extrapolating. Sensitivity analysis revealed a material-independent relative sensitivity of −2, meaning that a 1% uncertainty in Young’s modulus corresponds to a 2% uncertainty in Kawj. The universal scaling law unified the results for various materials, while the depth-dependent Kawj model explained the evolution of roughness with cutting depth. We further introduced dimensionless parameters ΠAWJ, Γstab, and ηAWJ to describe process similarity, stability, and energy efficiency, respectively.ConclusionThe method provides a physics-informed framework for AWJ process modeling, which can be used for accurate prediction and optimization of the process.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1790709</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1790709</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Microstructure and property evolution of pyrolysed epoxy-derived CFRP/SiC composites for non-structural thermal protection applications]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mahfud Ibadi</author><author>Sugeng Supriadi</author><author>Isa Anshori</author><author>Rikson Asman Fertiles Siburian</author><author>Yatimah Alias</author><author>Yudan Whulanza</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Epoxy-derived carbon fiber–reinforced polymer composites are promising for lightweight high-temperature applications, yet their performance after thermal conversion strongly depends on processing conditions. This study investigates the effects of pyrolysis atmosphere (vacuum and argon) and SiC particle addition on the microstructure–property relationships of epoxy-based CFRP and CFRP/SiC laminates pyrolyzed at 800 °C. Laminates were fabricated by hand lay-up and vacuum-assisted impregnation, followed by staged pyrolysis. The materials were characterized by density measurement, Shore D hardness, three-point bending, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the pyrolysis atmosphere plays a dominant role in controlling porosity development and matrix continuity. Vacuum treatment promotes aggressive volatile release, leading to lower density, more severe interlaminar porosity, and greater mechanical degradation than argon. Argon processing enables higher char retention and improved microstructural coherence. SiC addition significantly increases hardness in both green-body and post-pyrolysis states due to its intrinsic rigidity; however, flexural strength in both systems drastically decreases (>93%) after pyrolysis, indicating that bending performance is governed by matrix continuity rather than local hardness. SEM confirms extensive fiber exposure and porous carbonaceous residues, while Raman verifies successful polymer-to-carbon conversion. These findings suggest that epoxy-derived CFRP/SiC systems are more suitable for non-load-bearing thermal protection system (TPS) applications, such as insulating or ablative layers, than structural components.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1713674</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1713674</link>
        <title><![CDATA[An enhanced subset simulation algorithm integrating importance sampling for structural reliability analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Chunlong Xu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionConducting reliability analyses for engineering problems with small failure probabilities and expensive computational models is challenging. Subset simulation (SS) is an excellent method that has been applied in many fields. However, SS still has several limitations that need to be addressed, such as correlated samples, a large coefficient of variation (COV), the risk of deviating from dominant failure regions, and inaccuracies in problems with multiple failure regions.MethodsIn this paper, a subset simulation algorithm integrating importance sampling is developed to address the aforementioned limitations, focusing on complex reliability problems characterized by low-to-moderate dimensionality and small failure probabilities. First, a seed placement strategy on intermediate limit-state curves is developed to reduce the COV and generate independent samples within each subset. Second, interval estimation combined with clustering algorithms is applied to precisely identify seeds. This strategy is designed to handle problems featuring multiple failure regions while mitigating the risk of divergence from dominant failure regions.ResultsThe performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through seven case studies from the literature, including problems with multiple failure regions, nonlinear problems, system reliability problems, SS counterexamples, and structural reliability problems.DiscussionThe results show that the proposed method provides more accurate and robust failure probability estimates than the other tested methods.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2025.1681872</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2025.1681872</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Experimental study on the road performance of reduced density fly ash–clayey sand subgrade mixtures from the Yellow River floodplain]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xiuru Jia</author><author>Qiaoling Ji</author><author>Yu Cheng</author><author>Meixue Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[To address challenges in subgrade construction using Yellow River floodplain soils, this study developed a reduced density filler by mixing aged fly ash with locally sourced clayey sand. The research aimed to establish a robust framework for bridging the gap between pavement design specifications (resilient modulus, E0) and construction quality control (compaction degree, K), enabling performance-based quality assurance. Laboratory experiments evaluated compaction characteristics, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Laboratory Static Resilient Modulus (E0lab) of the mixtures. Results showed optimal performance at 30%–36% fly ash content, achieving maximum CBR of 23.6% and E0lab of 54.56 MPa. A novel global regression model was established, directly linking CBR to both K and fly ash content (FA%), offering a powerful tool for construction quality assurance. Furthermore, a practical pathway was developed to convert E0lab to field design E0 (via CBR and existing correlations), facilitating the translation of laboratory findings into engineering design. This research culminates in a unified framework for construction quality control, providing recommended K and FA% acceptance windows to guarantee target E0 and CBR values. The developed mixtures are highly suitable for Class II (lower layers) and Class III/IV (top layers) highway subgrades. This study offers robust technical support for sustainable fly ash utilization and performance-driven subgrade construction.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1800659</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2026.1800659</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Finite-element guided drilled-hole placement and fillet geometry effects on the structural and dynamic performance of spur gears]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ali Malik Saadoon</author><author>Nassear R. Hmoad</author><author>Suhair G. Hussein</author><author>Mohammad Qasim Abdullah</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In this research, a detailed finite-element (FE) analysis of the combined influence of the drilled-hole position, the shape of the hole, and the fillet design on the structural and dynamic performance of spur gears is investigated. ANSYS R16.2 was used to create a three-dimensional numerical model that can be used to assess the bending stress distribution and vibration response under realistic loading conditions. A trochoidal fillet and four circular fillet radii (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm) were studied to determine their effect on the stress concentration behavior. FE-guided hole-suggestion process was introduced which is an automated process in which low-stress zones to be cut away are identified so as to allow systematic recommendation of optimal locations, orientations and size of holes without any empirical relation. It was found that root stress decreased dramatically as fillet radius was increased, and 2 mm fillet had the minimum bending stress of all circular arrangements. The baseline configuration (Rf = 0.5 mm, without holes) exhibited a maximum bending stress of 69.45 MPa, whereas increasing the fillet radius to 2.0 mm resulted in a stress reduction of approximately 35%. The trochoidal fillet provided less stress gradients and a larger zone of low stress surrounding the tooth root. The holes proposed by FE were further incorporated, which increased structural performance. Hole size out of the chosen geometric parameters was statistically most impactful on bending stress and dynamic response, which ANOVA proved to be accurate (p < 0.001). The holes in the top the most desirable performance were medium-size (≈2.0–2.4 mm) drilled horizontally, which minimized bending stress by about 46%–50% relative to the baseline gear and ensured very low peak dynamic displacement (∼3.4 × 10−5 m at approximately 73 Hz). Structural integrity is well enhanced by optimizing fillet radius and drilled holes sizes, directions, and locations regarding the strength and dynamic stability. The proposed methodology offers a reliable and scientifically grounded framework for gear modification with strong potential for integration into advanced gear design and light weighting applications.]]></description>
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