AUTHOR=Wang Yangyan , Dai Yuanyuan , Lu Huaiwei , Chang Wenjiao , Ma Fan , Wang Ziran , Liu Zhican , Ma Xiaoling 

TITLE=Case Report: Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila Pneumonia in a Patient After Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 8 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.643473

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2021.643473

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=We report a case of hospital acquired Legionella pneumonia detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (NGS) from blood in a 7-year-old female after umbilical cord blood stem cell transplant with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) was traditionally associated with increased risk of infections, particularly during the first 3 months after transplantation. Controlling interstitial pneumonia and severe infection is the key to reduce the mortality of infection for the patient. Legionella pneumophila can cause mild cough to rapidly fatal pneumonia. After the metagenomic next-generation sequencing confirmed that the pathogen was Legionella pneumophila, azithromycin, cefoperazone sulbactam and posaconazole were used for treatment, and the patient's temperature decreased and remained normal. This case highlights that the timely use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing to identify pathogens can greatly help the survival of immunocompromised patients.