AUTHOR=Tiezzi Margherita , Morra Sofia , Seminerio Jimmy , Van Muylem Alain , Godefroid Audrey , Law-Weng-Sam Noémie , Van Praet Anne , Corbière Véronique , Orte Cano Carmen , Karimi Sina , Del Marmol Véronique , Bondue Benjamin , Benjelloun Mariam , Lavis Philomène , Mascart Françoise , van de Borne Philippe , Cardozo Alessandra K. 

TITLE=SP-D and CC-16 Pneumoproteins' Kinetics and Their Predictive Role During SARS-CoV-2 Infection

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 8 - 2021

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.761299

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2021.761299

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=Background: Surfactant protein D (SP-D) and pulmonary club cell protein 16 (CC-16) are called “pneumoproteins” and are involved in host defenses against oxidative stress, inflammation and viral outbreak. This study aimed to determine the predictive value of these pneumoproteins on the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or death in patients with coronavirus 19 infectious disease (COVID-19).
 Methods: This retrospective study included 87 patients admitted to the emergency department. Blood samples were collected on three time points (Day 1, Day 5, Day 14 from hospital admission). SP-D and CC-16 serum levels were determined and univariate and multivariate analysis considering confounding variables (age, body mass index, tobacco use, dyspnea, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) were performed.
Results: Based on multivariate analysis, SP-D level at D1 was positively and slightly correlated with subsequent development of ARDS, independently of body mass index, dyspnea and diabetes mellitus. CC-16 level on D1 was modestly and positively correlated with fatal outcome. A rise in SP-D between D1 and D5 and D1 and D14 had a strong negative association with incidence of ARDS. These associations were independent from tobacco use and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. 
Conclusions: Overall, our data reveal a raise in SP-D levels as a good prognostic factor for COVID-19 patients while CC-16 initial levels correlated with slightly higher risk of death. SP-D and CC-16 may prove useful to predict outcome in COVID-19 patients.