AUTHOR=Atif Muhammad , Ahmed Waqar , Nouman Iqbal Muhammad , Ahmad Nafees , Ahmad Wajiha , Malik Iram , Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed 

TITLE=Frequency and Factors Associated With Adverse Events Among Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Pakistan: A Retrospective Study

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 8 - 2021

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.790718

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2021.790718

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=Background: Treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) for a prolonged period with comparatively less effective and more toxic second-line anti-TB drugs is associated with greater incidence of adverse events. 
Study question: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and factors associated with occurrence of adverse events among MDR-TB patients attending the Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. 
Study design: This retrospective study included all MDR-TB patients who were registered and treated at the study site between June 2014 and December 2016 and had their treatment outcomes available at the time of data collection (i.e., November 2018). 
Measures and outcomes: The Electronic Nominal Record System records, patients’ medical charts and laboratory reports were reviewed to obtain the data. Adverse events were reported as per the standard criteria recommended by the World Health Organization. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to find the independent factors associated with the occurrence of adverse events. 
Results: A total of 179 MDR-TB patients were included in the final analysis. Out of these, 114 (63.7%) patients experienced at least one adverse events during the course of their treatment. Depression was the most common adverse events (33%), followed by nausea and vomiting (27.4%) and arthralgia (27.4%). The factors associated with the occurrence of adverse events included; presence of comorbidity (AOR 2.951; 95% CI 1.423, 6.118) and being employed (AOR 3.445; 95% CI 1.188, 9.993). 
Conclusion: Adverse events were prevalent in this cohort, however, resolved with the effective management approaches. Patients with identified factors for occurrence of adverse events need special attention and enhanced clinical management.