AUTHOR=Hajek André , König Hans-Helmut 

TITLE=What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old?

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.1092775

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2022.1092775

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=Purpose: Most of the existing studies did not explicitly focus on the oldest old who are at high risk of functional impairment. Moreover, some potential risk factors (such as financial poverty) of functional impairment have been neglected so far. Thus, our aim was to clarify the determinants of functional impairment exclusively among the oldest old.  
Methods: Data were taken from the “Survey on quality of life and subjective well-being of the very old in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW80+)” – a representative sample of individuals ≥ 80 years (community-dwelling and in institutionalized settings) in North Rhine-Westphalia (n=1,863, average age was 86.5 years, ranging from 80 to 102 years). Common tools were used to quantify functional impairment.
Results: Multiple linear regressions showed that higher functional impairment was associated with being female (ADL, β=.06, p<.01; IADL, β=.09, p<.01), higher age (ADL, β=.02, p<.001; IADL, β=.04, p<.001), low education (compared to high education: IADL, β=-.10, p<.05), the presence of income poverty (ADL, β=.09, p<.05; IADL, β=.16, p<.01), more depressive symptoms (ADL, β=.12, p<.001; IADL, β=.14, p<.001), higher cognitive impairment (ADL, β=-.03, p<.001; IADL, β=-.06, p<.001) and a higher number of chronic conditions (ADL, β=.03, p<.001; IADL, β=.05, p<.001).
Conclusion: Several determinants of functional impairment among the oldest old have been identified. Such knowledge (e.g., regarding the association between income poverty and functional impairment) may assist in characterizing individuals aged 80 years and over at high risk for functional impairment. Moreover, such knowledge may enrich the research areas addressing inequalities.