AUTHOR=Alcaide Maria L. , Nogueira Nicholas F. , Salazar Ana S. , Montgomerie Emily K. , Rodriguez Violeta J. , Raccamarich Patricia D. , Barreto Irma T. , McGaugh Angela , Sharkey Mark E. , Mantero Alejandro M. , Rodriguez Allan E. , Beauchamps Laura , Jones Deborah L. 

TITLE=A Longitudinal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses Among People With HIV

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.768138

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2022.768138

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=Background: The concentration and duration of antibodies (Ab) to SARS-CoV-2 infection predicts the severity of the disease and clinical outcomes. Older people and those with HIV have impaired immune responses, worse outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and lower antibody responses after viral infection and vaccination. This study evaluated Ab response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV (PWH) and without HIV and its association with age.
Methods: A total of 23 COVID+PWH and 21 COVID+HIV- participants were followed longitudinally for 6-months post-mild COVID-19. IgG and IgM Ab responses were measured by ELISA. Time points and HIV status interaction were analyzed using Poisson generalized estimating equations and correlations were analyzed using non-parametric tests. 
Results: Median age in PWH was 55 yrs. with 28.6% females, while in the HIV- group was 36 yrs. with 60.9% females. Mean time from COVID-19 diagnosis to study enrollment was 16 days for PWH and 11 days for HIV-. Mean CD4 count for the PWH was 772.10 (±365.21). SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG were detected at all time points and Ab response levels did not differ by HIV status (p>0.05). At entry, age showed a weak direct association with IgG responses (ρ=0.44, p<0.05) in HIV- but did not show any association in PWH. Similar associations between age, and IgG, and HIV status emerged at day 14 (T1; ρ=0.50, p<0.05), 3 months (T3; ρ=0.50, p<0.05), and 6 months visit (T4; ρ=0.78, p<0.05) in the HIV- group. 
Conclusions: Ab responses in the 6-month post-SARS-CoV-2 infection did not differ by HIV status. Age was associated with IgG responses in HIV- group, but not among PWH. Results suggest that immune protection and vaccine responses is similar for PWH than for those without HIV infection.