AUTHOR=Hu Yuncan , Cai Xiaoyu , Zhang Nanhui , Li Yu , Mao Ya , Ge Shuwang , Yao Ying , Gao Hui 

TITLE=Relation Between Dietary Carotenoid Intake, Serum Concentration, and Mortality Risk of CKD Patients Among US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2014

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.871767

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2022.871767

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=Background: Current evidence on the relationship between carotenoids and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are limited and controversial.
Methods: Data were obtained from the Nutrition and Health Examination Survey (NHANES) database and the NHANES Linked Mortality File, both from a nationally representative sample. Dietary intake was assessed through 24-h dietary recall, and information was available both on dietary and serum α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin (combined) through the NHANES cycles used. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the risk for all-cause mortality associated with carotene intakes and serum levels, adjusting for potential confounding factors.
Results: Of the 6095 CKD participants, 1924 subjects died (mean follow-up time, 8.1years). After eliminating all the confounding factors, we found that high levels of total carotene (HR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.75-0.97, P = 0.011) intakes at baseline were significantly associated with a lower risk of death. And the serum concentrations of carotenoid were also showing that a-carotene (HR = 0.77, 95%CI, 0.65-0.92, P = 0.002), beta-cryptoxanthin (HR = 0.83, 95%CI, 0.70-0.98, P = 0.019), lycopene ( (HR = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.65-0.91, P = 0.002), and lutein + zeaxanthin ( (HR = 0.82, 95% CI, 0.70-0.96, P = 0.002) was significantly associated with decreased all-cause mortality of CKD patients. The associations remained similar in the sensitivity analyses.
Conclusion: Findings suggest that high-level carotene dietary intake and the serum concentration were associated with a lower risk of mortality in the CKD population.