AUTHOR=Villalva-Serra Klauss , Barreto-Duarte Beatriz , Nunes Vanessa M. , Menezes Rodrigo C. , Rodrigues Moreno M. S. , Queiroz Artur T. L. , Arriaga María B. , Cordeiro-Santos Marcelo , Kritski Afrânio L. , Sterling Timothy R. , Araújo-Pereira Mariana , Andrade Bruno B. 

TITLE=Tuberculosis treatment outcomes of diabetic and non-diabetic TB/HIV co-infected patients: A nationwide observational study in Brazil

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.972145

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2022.972145

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a worldwide public health problem, especially in countries that also report high numbers of people living with HIV (PLWH) and/or diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the unique features of persons with TB-HIV-DM are incompletely understood. This study compared anti-TB treatment (ATT) outcomes of diabetic and non-diabetic TB/HIV co-infected patients. 
Methods: A nationwide retrospective observational investigation was performed with data from the Brazilian Tuberculosis Database System among patients reported to have TB-HIV co-infection between 2014 and 2019. This database includes all reported TB cases in Brazil. Exploratory and association analyses compared TB treatment outcomes in DM and non-DM patients. Unfavorable outcomes were defined as death, treatment failure, loss to follow-up or recurrence. Multivariable stepwise logistic regressions were used to identify the variables associated with unfavorable ATT outcomes in the TB-HIV population. 
Results: Of the 31,070 TB-HIV patients analyzed, 999 (3.2%) reported having DM. However, in these TB-HIV patients, DM was not associated with any unfavorable treatment outcome (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.83–1.12, p = 0.781). Furthermore, DM was also not associated with any specific type of unfavorable outcome in this study. In both the TB-HIV group and the TB-HIV-DM subpopulation, use of alcohol, illicit drugs and tobacco, as well as non-white ethnicity and prior TB were all characteristics more frequently observed in persons who developed unfavorable ATT outcome. 
Conclusion: DM is not associated with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes in persons with TB-HIV, including death, treatment failure, recurrence and loss to follow up. However, consumption habits, ethnicity and prior TB are all more frequently detected in those with unfavorable outcomes in both TB-HIV and TB-HIV-DM patients.