AUTHOR=Tian Jian-Zhou , Zhang Li , Lin Fu-Yong , He Ren-Jiao , Tian Wen-Rong , Yan Liu , Huang Guo-Xin , Ai Jin-Wei , Pei Bin , Li De-Sheng 

TITLE=The efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy treatment for advanced esophageal cancer: a network meta-analysis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2024

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1515263

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2024.1515263

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=ObjectiveThis study systematically evaluated the efficacy of programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors combined with chemotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer (EC).MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify related randomized controlled trials (RCTs).ResultsSeven RCTs involving 4,363 participants were included. The results of the direct comparison showed that, compared with chemotherapy alone, PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.63–0.74), progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.58–0.67), objective response rate (ORR) (RR = 1.41, 95%CI = 1.28–1.57), but were associated with a slight increase in treatment-related adverse events (AEs) (RR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.03–1.14). The results of the network meta-analysis showed that toripalimab, sintilimab or camrelizumab, and nivolumab combined with chemotherapy were the best in OS, PFS, and ORR, respectively, with camrelizumab showing the lowest incidence of AEs.ConclusionThese results suggest that PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy provide superior clinical benefits over chemotherapy alone, albeit with a moderate increase in AEs. However, further verification through multi-center, high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024627485.