AUTHOR=Waly Yahya Mostafa , Sharafeldin Abu-Baker Khalid , Akhtar Muhammad Umair , Chilmeran Zaid , Fredericks Salim 

TITLE=A review of sarcoidosis etiology, diagnosis and treatment

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1558049

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2025.1558049

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of granulomas in various organs, leading to inflammation and potential organ dysfunction. Symptoms often start with general signs like fatigue, fever, and weight loss, but vary depending on the affected organ. Diagnosis is challenging due to its diverse clinical presentation and lack of a definitive test, while treatment is complicated by the disease’s variable course, requiring a personalized approach. This review explores the role of genetic and environmental factors in sarcoidosis etiology, examines current challenges in diagnosis and treatment, and discusses how understanding etiology informs patient management and future treatment strategies.